Joro spider toxin (joro toxin, JSTX) – a toxin which was originally extracted from the venom of the joro spider (Trichonephila clavata), originally native to Japan.
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
(2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-N2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-L-glutaminamide
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| Systematic IUPAC name
(2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-2-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetamido]butanediamide | |
| Other names
Joro Spider toxin
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.217.900 |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C27H47N7O6 | |
| Molar mass | 565.716 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White-grey powder |
| Density | 1.196 g/cm3 |
| Boiling point | 979.883 °C (1,795.789 °F; 1,253.033 K) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.53 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 10.573 |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 546.414 °C (1,015.545 °F; 819.564 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (November 2012) |
Biochemical analysis
editJoro toxin has demonstrated the ability to selectively block
- postsynaptic glutamate potentials[1] and
- AMPA glutamate receptors.[2][3]
It inhibits
- NMDA receptors in the CNS of vertebrates.[4]
Joro toxin does not affect
- aspartate-induced neural depolarization,
- resting membrane potential,
- nerve terminal spontaneous signalling, or
- inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
Sources
edit- Jackson, Jaewan; Lee, P.N.R. (1988). "Spider toxins as tools for dissecting elements of excitatory amino acid transmission". Trends in Neurosciences. 11 (6): 278–283. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(88)90112-9. PMID 2465627. S2CID 42853484.
- Saito, Mitsuyoshi; Sahara, Yoshinori; Miwa, Akiko; Shimazaki, Kuniko; Nakajima, Terumi; Kawai, Nobufumi (1989). "Effects of a spider toxin (JSTX) on hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro". Brain Research. 481 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90480-0. PMID 2565131. S2CID 24856322.
- Sahara, Yoshinori; Robinson, Hugh P.C.; Miwa, Akiko; Kawai, Nobufumi (1991). "A voltage-clamp study of the effects of Joro spider toxin and zinc on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells of the guinea pig hippocampal slice". Neuroscience Research. 10 (3): 200–210. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90057-6. PMID 1677747. S2CID 38895357.
References
edit- ^ Kawai, Nobufumi (1991). "Spider toxin and pertussis toxin differentiate post- and presynaptic glutamate receptors". Neuroscience Research. 12 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90095-G. PMID 1660989. S2CID 23524210.
- ^ Shudo, Koichi; Endo, Yasuyuki; Hashimoto, Yuichi; Aramaki, Yoshio; Nakajima, Terumi; Kawai, Nobufumi (1987). "Newly synthesized analogues of the spider toxin block the crustacean glutamate receptor". Neuroscience Research. 5 (1): 82–85. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(87)90026-5. PMID 2829068. S2CID 41151994.
- ^ Kawai, Nobufumi; Niwa, Akiko; Abe, Takashi (1982). "Spider venom contains specific receptor blocker of glutaminergic synapses". Brain Research. 247 (1): 169–171. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)91044-7. PMID 6127145. S2CID 38772662.
- ^ Mueller, Alan L.; Albensi, Benedict C.; Ganong, Alan H.; Reynolds, Linda S.; Jackson, Hunter (1991). "Arylamine spider toxins antagonize NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices". Synapse. 9 (4): 244–250. doi:10.1002/syn.890090403. PMID 1662833. S2CID 2546161.