Jorunna funebris

Jorunna funebris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Nudibranchia
Family:	Discodorididae
Genus:	Jorunna
Species:	J. funebris
Binomial name
	Jorunna funebris; (Kelaart, 1858)
Synonyms
	Discodoris wetleyi Allan, 1932; Doris funebris Kelaart, 1858 (basionym); Jorunna zania Ev. Marcus, 1976; Kentrodoris annuligera Bergh, 1876; Kentrodoris funebris (Kelaart, 1859); Kentrodoris gigas Bergh, 1876; Kentrodoris maculosa Eliot, 1906;

Jorunna funebris, commonly called the dotted nudibranch, is a species of sea slug. It is a dorid nudibranch, which is a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Discodorididae.^[2] The genus Jorunna is composed of roughly 15 other species of nudibranchs, which feed on a variety of sponges.^[3]

Distribution

This species was described from Sri Lanka. It is widespread in the Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean along the East African coast to Australia, New Caledonia, and Hawaii.^[4]^[5] Jorunna funebris preys exclusively on sponges in the genus Xestospongia, and as such, the sea slug's distribution aligns closely with the distribution of Xestospongia.^[6]

History

The species was first described as Doris funebris in 1858 by E.F. Kelaart in Sri Lanka, formerly called Ceylon. Kelaart described the nudibranch's appearance, egg mass appearance, and the behavior of a pair while laying eggs in an aquarium.^[10] Since then, there have been further observations of the species under different names, including Kentrodoris funebris, Kentrodoris annuligera, Kentrodoris maculosa, Discodoris wetleyi, and Jorunna zania.

Chemistry of Jorunna funebris

This species contains a chemical compound called "jorumycin," which shares the same tetrahydroisoquinoline^[7] backbone as an anti-tumor drug called Zalypsis, or PM00104.^[8] In addition, another compound called jorunnamycin A,^[9] has been found alongside fennebricins A (1) and B (5), both of which are bis-tetrahydroisoquinolinequinones and related to two classes of anti-tumor alkaloids.^[10]

References

^ Kelaart, Edward Frederick. 1858. Descriptions of new and little known species of Ceylon nudibranchiate molluscs and zoophytes. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Ceylon Branch, Colombo 3(1):84-139, 2 pls.
^ ^a ^b Bouchet, P. (2010). Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-08-24
^ Y.E. Camacho-Garcia, T.M. Gosliner Systematic revision of Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with a morphological phylogenetic analysis J Molluscan Stud, 74 (2008), pp. 143-181
^ Rudman, W.B., 1998 (December 31) Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1858). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
^ Dayrat B. 2010. A monographic revision of discodorid sea slugs (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina). Archived 2015-09-08 at the Wayback Machine Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, vol. 61, suppl. I, 1-403, 382 figs.
^ Kasamesiri, Pattira, et al. "Observations on embryonic development of black-spot Jorunna, Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)." Journal of Shellfish Research, vol. 31, no. 1, 2012, p. 111+. Gale Academic OneFile.
^ "jorumycin - MeSH - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
^ Blunt, John W.; Copp, Brent R.; Munro, Murray H. G.; Northcote, Peter T.; Prinsep, Michèle R. (2011). "Marine Natural Products". Natural Product Reports. 28: 196–268 – via The Royal Society of Chemistry.
^ "Synthetic Chemistry Takes Anti-Cancer Compounds out of the Sea Slug and into the Lab". California Institute of Technology. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
^ He, Wen-Fei; Li, Yan; Feng, Mei-Tang; Gavagnin, Margherita; Mollo, Ernesto; Mao, Shui-Chun; Guo, Yue-Wei (2014-07-01). "New isoquinolinequinone alkaloids from the South China Sea nudibranch Jorunna funebris and its possible sponge-prey Xestospongia sp". Fitoterapia. 96: 109–114. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.011. ISSN 0367-326X. PMID 24769286.

External links

Photos of Jorunna funebris on Sealife Collection

[Kelaart1858-1] Kelaart, Edward Frederick. 1858. Descriptions of new and little known species of Ceylon nudibranchiate molluscs and zoophytes. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Ceylon Branch, Colombo 3(1):84-139, 2 pls.

[WoRMS-2] Bouchet, P. (2010). Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-08-24

[3] Y.E. Camacho-Garcia, T.M. Gosliner Systematic revision of Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with a morphological phylogenetic analysis J Molluscan Stud, 74 (2008), pp. 143-181

[4] Rudman, W.B., 1998 (December 31) Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1858). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.

[5] Dayrat B. 2010. A monographic revision of discodorid sea slugs (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina). Archived 2015-09-08 at the Wayback Machine Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, vol. 61, suppl. I, 1-403, 382 figs.

[6] Kasamesiri, Pattira, et al. "Observations on embryonic development of black-spot Jorunna, Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)." Journal of Shellfish Research, vol. 31, no. 1, 2012, p. 111+. Gale Academic OneFile.

[7] "jorumycin - MeSH - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-30.

[8] Blunt, John W.; Copp, Brent R.; Munro, Murray H. G.; Northcote, Peter T.; Prinsep, Michèle R. (2011). "Marine Natural Products". Natural Product Reports. 28: 196–268 – via The Royal Society of Chemistry.

[9] "Synthetic Chemistry Takes Anti-Cancer Compounds out of the Sea Slug and into the Lab". California Institute of Technology. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 2020-06-30.

[10] He, Wen-Fei; Li, Yan; Feng, Mei-Tang; Gavagnin, Margherita; Mollo, Ernesto; Mao, Shui-Chun; Guo, Yue-Wei (2014-07-01). "New isoquinolinequinone alkaloids from the South China Sea nudibranch Jorunna funebris and its possible sponge-prey Xestospongia sp". Fitoterapia. 96: 109–114. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.011. ISSN 0367-326X. PMID 24769286.

[2]

[3]

[1]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]