Josefa is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
- Infanta Francisca Josefa of Portugal (1699-1736), last of eight children of King Peter II of Portugal and his second wife Marie Sophie of Neuburg
- Infanta Maria Josefa of Spain (1744-1801), Princess of Naples and Sicily
- María Josefa García Granados (1796-1848), Guatemalan writer
- María Josefa Lastiri (1792-1846), First Lady of the Federal Republic of Central America
- María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna (1752-1834), Spanish aristocrat
- María Luisa Josefa (1866-1937), Mexican Roman Catholic nun
- Josefa Acevedo de Gomez (1803-1861), Colombian novelist
- Josefa Bayeu (18th century), wife of Francisco Goya
- Josefa Berens-Totenohl (1891-1969), German writer
- Josefa de Godoy di Bassano, 2nd Viscountess of Rocafuerte (1834-1882), Spanish-Italian aristocrat
- Josefa de Óbidos (1630-1684), Spanish-Portuguese painter
- Josefa de Tudó, 1st Countess of Castillo Fiel (1779-1869), mistress of Manuel de Godoy
- Josefa Dimuri (21st century), Fijian politician
- Josefa González Blanco Ortiz Mena (born 1965), Mexican ecologist and politician
- Josefa Idem (born 1964), West German-Italian sprint canoeist
- Josefa Iloilo (1920–2011), President of Fiji
- Josefa Joaquina Sánchez (1765-1813), Venezuelan heroin
- Josefa Köster (1918–2011), West German sprint canoeist
- Josefa Llanes Escoda (circa 1898-1945), National Executive of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines
- Josefa Martín Luengo (1944-2009), Spanish educator
- Josefa Moe (1933-2006), American entertainer
- Josefa Ordonez (1728-fl. 1792), Mexican actress and courtesan
- Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez (1768-1829), supporter of the Mexican War of Independence
- Josefa Rika (born 1987), Fijian cricketer
- Josefa Vosanibola (21st century), Fijian politician