Wikipedia

Joseph Uscinski

Joseph E. Uscinski (born 1975) is an American political scientist specializing in the study of conspiracy theories.[1] His most notable work is American Conspiracy Theories (Oxford, 2014) co-authored with Joseph M. Parent.[2] He is an associate professor at the University of Miami's Political Science department, and author of several academic publications.[3] He was named a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry in 2020.[4]

Joseph E. Uscinski
Born1975 (age 48–49)
Connecticut, U.S.
Alma mater
OccupationPolitical scientist
Websitejoeuscinski.com

Career

edit

Teaching

edit

Uscinski is originally from New England. He received his BA in political science from Plymouth State University, his MA from University of New Hampshire, and his Ph.D. from University of Arizona. He has been a member of the University of Miami political science department since 2007.[5]

Uscinski offers courses yearly, featuring prominent journalists and activists, with topics including the elections and immigration reform. Notable past guests have included political and prominent media figures Tom Tancredo, Mark Wallace, Joe Garcia, Carlos Cuerbelo, Herman Cain, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Jorge Ramos, Donna Shalala, Roger Stone, Bernie Goldberg, and Joy Reid.[3]

He is a frequent contributor to The Washington Post Monkey Cage, and has written several academic journal articles and op-eds in publications such as Politico,[6] Vox,[7] and Newsweek.[8]

Research

edit

In 2015, Uscinski organized and convened the first international conference on conspiracy theory research in Miami.[9][10][11] The conference featured more than fifty scholars from ten countries.[12] Uscinski was frequently consulted by journalists during the 2016 U.S. election for his commentary on the rise of campaign-fueled conspiracy theories.[13][14] and for his criticism of their use by politicians.[15] Uscinski has said that "Conspiracy theories are in many ways a battle between insiders and outsiders over truth".[16]

In 2018, a survey conducted with Sofia Gaston of Centre for Social and Political Risk at the Henry Jackson Society reported widespread anxiety about Americans' perceived impact of immigration. It found that 55% of Americans believe the government is concealing the true cost of immigration, which Gaston and Uscinski say indicates that conspiratorial thinking on immigration is mainstream. The survey also found that Republicans are most conspiratorial about immigration, but that 33-50% of Democrats share the same views.[17] This survey was then similarly replicated in the United Kingdom, revealing that 58% of British adults believe the government is concealing the cost of immigration, and that 59% believe those who have spoken out about immigration have been treated unfairly.[18]

Publications

edit

The People's News: Media, Politics, and the Demands of Capitalism

edit

Uscinski's first book, The People's News: Media, Politics, and the Demands of Capitalism,[19] was published by New York University Press in 2014. In it, he discusses ways in which consumer demands influence American journalism (and vice versa). He argues that profit motives are a major factor driving American journalism, and that pleasing an audience often overwhelms journalistic and democratic values. He suggests specific changes to journalistic practice.[20][21]

Determining whether to cover or republish a story is determined not only by the importance of the events involved, but also by whether the audience is likely to be interested in them.[22] To quantify this idea, Uscinski and his collaborators looked at the likelihood that regional newspapers would reprint stories depending on whether or not the stories focused on dogs. Stories that mentioned dogs were identified from the front page and the back of the national section of the New York Times over a 12-year period. They were compared to stories of similar length and visibility that did not mention dogs. The researchers then checked ten other local and national newspapers to see how many newspapers reprinted the stories. Their study found that dog stories were 2.6 times more likely to be reprinted elsewhere than equivalent dog-free news.[23][22][24]

American Conspiracy Theories

edit

Uscinski's second book, co-authored with Joseph M. Parent, American Conspiracy Theories, was published by Oxford University Press in 2014. In this book, Uscinski and Parent study the waxing and waning of conspiracy theorizing over time in the United States.[16] Their research included the examination of more than 100,000 letters printed in the New York Times between 1890 and 2010, to see how conspiracy beliefs have changed with time. They identified 875 letters that alleged conspiracies: most involved geopolitical or domestic political conspiracies, while others were "just bizarre", While the data showed a spike during the McCarthy era, there was no evidence to support an increase in conspiracy theories over the years surveyed.[25]

The main hypothesis of the book is that "conspiracy theories are for losers". The authors argue that those who are out of power tend to use conspiracy theories to consolidate resources, focus attention on an enemy, and aim at redemption. This manifests itself particularly after elections. According to Uscinski, "in the U.S., conspiracy theories tend to swing back and forth. When a Democrat is in the White House, the most resonant conspiracy theories accuse Democrats and their allies of conspiring. When a Republican is in the White House, the accusations focus on Republicans and their allies."[16] The book has been widely reviewed [26][27][28][29] and discussed.[30] Recent survey evidence taken before and after the 2016 election provides positive evidence for the "conspiracy theories are for losers" theory.[31]

More controversially, Uscinski argues that Republicans and Democrats are equally taken to conspiracy theorizing,[32][33][34] and that Americans may not be engaging in conspiracy theorizing more than in previous decades. Surveys also found that the less educated the respondent, the more likely he or she was to be predisposed to conspiratorial thinking, and that the poor tended to be more conspiratorially inclined than the rich.[35]

Uscinski has also found that there are individual differences in our more general proneness toward conspiracy theory thinking. "Some people see events and circumstances and immediately think that a conspiracy is behind them. Other people don't. Our propensity to see conspiracies lurking behind every corner is largely determined by processes that occurred during our formative years. People's world views are solidified as they move into adulthood."[16]

 
Joseph Uscinski speaking at CSICon 2018

Uscinski prominently discussed the use of conspiracy theories in the 2016 election.[36][37][38][39] He argued that President Trump was using conspiracy theories to mobilize sectors of the electorate that did not trust mainstream candidates.[40][41] Since the election, Uscinski has spoken against fake news,[42][43] but has suggested that fake news may not be a new problem.[44]

Conspiracy Theories and the People Who Believe Them

edit

Uscinski's third book, Conspiracy Theories and the People Who Believe Them, was published by Oxford University Press in 2018. The book explores the dark corners of conspiracy theories, how people and democracies act on them, and how the phenomena affects politics and society.[45]

Personal life

edit

Uscinski was born in Connecticut and lived there until 1983 until his family moved to New Hampshire. Since he was a Yankees fan and found himself in Red Sox territory, Uscinski said he was tormented by classmates. "Keep in mind, the Red Sox back then were the biggest losers on the planet, and their fans were terribly angry. Once they started winning in 2004, they went into therapy to deal with the fact that they were no longer losers. Because of this, it's much easier to visit home now...."[16]

References

edit
  1. ^ "What Does This Professor Know About Conspiracy Theorists That We Don't?". The Chronicle of Higher Education. August 6, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  2. ^ Uscinski, Joseph E.; Parent, Joseph M. (September 4, 2014). American Conspiracy Theories. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199351800.
  3. ^ a b "Joseph Uscinski". Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  4. ^ "Ten new Fellows elected to Committee for Skeptical Inquiry". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  5. ^ "Joseph Uscinski CV" (PDF). University of Miami People. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
  6. ^ Uscinski, Joseph (January 18, 2018). "Why 'Girthers' Are the Biggest Losers". Politico magazine. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  7. ^ Uscinski, Joseph (May 2, 2017). "How conspiracy theories helped power Trump's disruptive politics". Vox. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  8. ^ Uscinski, Joseph (April 3, 2016). "WILL TRUMP BECOME CONSPIRACY THEORIST IN CHIEF?". Newsweek. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  9. ^ "College of Arts and Sciences, News & Events, News Archive". University of Miami College of Arts & Sciences News. March 18, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  10. ^ "Upcoming Conference". www.as.miami.edu. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  11. ^ "The Miami Conference | Welcome to the Leverhulme-Funded Research Project: Conspiracy and Democracy". www.conspiracyanddemocracy.org. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  12. ^ Jesse Walker, "What I Saw At the Conspiracy Theory Conference". Reason.com. March 18, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  13. ^ Chokshi, Niraj; Chokshi, Niraj (December 4, 2015). "False flags, true believers and trolls: Understanding conspiracy theories after tragedies". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  14. ^ "Why do Americans love conspiracy theories so much?". Public Radio International. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  15. ^ Elfrink, Tim (October 14, 2016). "America's Conspiracy Theory Experts Are UM Professors, and Their Phones Are Ringing Off the Hook". Miami New Times. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  16. ^ a b c d e Gerbic, Susan (May 8, 2018). "On Dogs and Conspiracy Theories". Skeptical Inquirer. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  17. ^ Gaston, Sofia (December 14, 2018). "A majority of Americans no longer trust their government on immigration". LSE US Centre. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  18. ^ Gaston, Sofia (December 4, 2019). "Majority of Brits believe Government is hiding the true cost of immigration, 'shock' report finds". Henry Jackson Society. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  19. ^ Uscinski, Joseph (2014). The People's News: Media, Politics, and the Demands of Capitalism. New York: NYU Press.
  20. ^ Mitchelstein, Eugenia (July 2015). "Book review: Joseph E Uscinski The people's news: Media, politics, and the demands of capitalism". Journalism. 16 (5): 707–708. doi:10.1177/1464884914547468. S2CID 142656307. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  21. ^ Gandy, Oscar H. (September 1, 2014). "Book Review: The People's News: Media, Politics, and the Demands of Capitalism, by Joseph E. Uscinski". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 91 (3): 601–603. doi:10.1177/1077699014541786c. ISSN 1077-6990. S2CID 146871408. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  22. ^ a b Wright, Chris (November 26, 2014). "What dogs do for newspapers — and democracy". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  23. ^ Atkinson, Matthew D.; Deam, Maria; Uscinski, Joseph E. (October 1, 2014). "What's a Dog Story Worth?". PS: Political Science & Politics. 47 (4): 819–823. doi:10.1017/S1049096514001103. ISSN 1049-0965. S2CID 153892373.
  24. ^ Kliff, Sarah (November 19, 2014). "American media is in the tank for puppies". Vox. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  25. ^ Miller, Greg (January 14, 2021). "The enduring allure of conspiracies". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-011421-2. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  26. ^ "Book Review: American Conspiracy Theories by Joseph E. Uscinski and Joseph M. Parent". LSE Review of Books. February 25, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  27. ^ Fenster, Mark (March 1, 2017). "American Conspiracy Theories. By Uscinski Joseph E. and Parent Joseph M. . New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. 240p. $105.00 cloth, 31.95 paper". Perspectives on Politics. 15 (1): 257–258. doi:10.1017/S153759271600493X. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 151935386.
  28. ^ Miller, Joanne M.; Saunders, Kyle L. (January 2, 2016). "Conspiracy Theories in the United States: More Commonplace than Extraordinary". Critical Review. 28 (1): 127–136. doi:10.1080/08913811.2016.1172802. ISSN 0891-3811. S2CID 147821608.
  29. ^ Nacos, Brigitte L. (September 22, 2015). "American Conspiracy Theories". Political Science Quarterly. 130 (3): 550–552. doi:10.1002/polq.12367.
  30. ^ Shermer, Michael (2014). "Conspiracy Central". Scientific American. 311 (6): 94. Bibcode:2014SciAm.311f..94S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1214-94.
  31. ^ Nyhan, Brendan (February 15, 2017). "Why More Democrats Are Now Embracing Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  32. ^ "Attack of the Crazy Centrists". Paul Krugman Blog. August 23, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  33. ^ "Catch of the Day: Who Believes in Crazy Conspiracy Theories?". Bloomberg.com. August 22, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  34. ^ "No, all Americans are not created equal when it comes to belief in conspiracy theories". Washington Post. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  35. ^ Kolbert, Elizabeth (April 15, 2019). "What's New About Conspiracy Theories?". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  36. ^ "What is Hillary Clinton trying to say with this ad about Donald Trump and Putin?". Washington Post. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  37. ^ "Perspective | Democracy requires trust. But Trump is making us all into conspiracy theorists". Washington Post. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  38. ^ Isaac, Bronwyn. "This Is Why Trump's Conspiracy Theories Work, Say Experts". Bustle. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  39. ^ "The 5 Most Dangerous Conspiracy Theories of 2016". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  40. ^ "The four cryptic words Donald Trump can't stop saying". Washington Post. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  41. ^ "Trump's Outsider Appeal Holds on Staten Island". NY City Lens. October 21, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  42. ^ University of Miami (April 22, 2017), Cane Talks - Joe Uscinski, retrieved May 13, 2017
  43. ^ Haberman, Clyde (April 30, 2017). "Who's Fueling Conspiracy Whisperers' Falsehoods?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  44. ^ "Fake News Freakout". Reason.com. February 5, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  45. ^ Uscinski, Joseph (2018). Conspiracy Theories and the People Who Believe Them. Oxford University Press. pp. https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190844073.001.0001/oso-9780190844073. ISBN 9780190844073.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Uscinski&oldid=1251997888"