Wikipedia

Joshua Shaevitz

Joshua Shaevitz (born 1977) is an American biophysicist and Professor of Physics at the Lewis-Sigler Institute at Princeton University in Princeton, NJ.[1] He is known for his work in single-molecule biophysics, bacterial growth and motility, and animal behavior.[2]

Joshua William Shaevitz
Joshua William Shaevitz at Princeton in 2019.
Born (1977-11-06) November 6, 1977 (age 47)
Los Angeles, CA
NationalityAmerican
Alma materColumbia University
Stanford University
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Berkeley
Princeton University
Doctoral advisorSteven Block
Websiteshaevitzlab.princeton.edu

Education and early career

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Shaevitz completed his Bachelor's degree in Physics at Columbia University in New York in 1999 where he was an I. I. Rabi Scholar. He received his PhD in 2004 from Stanford University where he studied the molecular motors kinesin[3] and RNA polymerase[4][5] using optical tweezers in the group of Steven Block. Shaevitz then moved to the University of California, Berkeley as a Miller Fellow. There, he focused on the motility of bacteria, including the actin-propelled Rickettsia rickettsii,[6] Myxococcus xanthus,[7] and the wall-less Spiroplasma.[8] Since 2007, Shaevitz has been on the faculty of Princeton University with appointments in the Department of Physics and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics where he holds the rank of Professor.

Research

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Shaevitz's work focuses on precision measurements in a variety of biological systems, focusing on topics related to cell shape in bacteria, active matter and pattern formation in groups of moving cells, and the quantification of animal behavior.

His group pioneered the use of 3D live-cell imaging to study the shape of bacteria during growth. In a series of papers, Shaevitz and colleagues unraveled how a cell-wall insertion mechanism with helical coordination can produce cells with the correct shape in both rod and helical cells.[9][10][11][12] His group also studies bacterial cell mechanics, including bending rigidity,[13] turgor pressure and cell wall stiffness,[14] and pressure regulation.[15][16]

Shaevitz also has worked on the mechanisms of gliding motility and collective behavior in the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. This work includes measurement of the mechanochemistry of individual gliding motors inside live bacteria[17][18] and the connection between active matter phase transitions and evolutionarily advantageous fruiting body formation.[19][20]

A third thread to Shaevitz's research involves the quantification of animal behavior using supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Shaevitz and Princeton Neuroscience professor Mala Murthy published an automated system (LEAP) for measuring animal pose from large movie data sets.[21] This has recently been extended to multi-animal data in a package called SLEAP.[22] His work has extended to understanding the dynamics of animal behavior through unsupervised clustering methods in collaboration with Princeton Physics colleague William Bialek and others.[23][24][25][26]

Scientific activities

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Awards and honors

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References

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  1. ^ "Joshua Shaevitz | Department of Physics". phy.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  2. ^ "Shaevitz Lab @ Princeton | Experimental Biophysics from Molecules to Cells to Animals". shaevitzlab.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  3. ^ Block, Steven M.; Asbury, Charles L.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Lang, Matthew J. (2003-03-04). "Probing the kinesin reaction cycle with a 2D optical force clamp". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (5): 2351–2356. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.2351B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0436709100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 151344. PMID 12591957.
  4. ^ Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Abbondanzieri, Elio A.; Landick, Robert; Block, Steven M. (2003-12-11). "Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution". Nature. 426 (6967): 684–687. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..684S. doi:10.1038/nature02191. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 1483218. PMID 14634670.
  5. ^ Abbondanzieri, Elio A.; Greenleaf, William J.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Landick, Robert; Block, Steven M. (2005-11-24). "Direct observation of base-pair stepping by RNA polymerase". Nature. 438 (7067): 460–465. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..460A. doi:10.1038/nature04268. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 1356566. PMID 16284617.
  6. ^ Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Fletcher, Daniel A. (2007-10-02). "Load fluctuations drive actin network growth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (40): 15688–15692. arXiv:0708.1791. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10415688S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702601104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2000411. PMID 17895390.
  7. ^ Mignot, Tâm; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Hartzell, Patricia L.; Zusman, David R. (2007-02-09). "Evidence that focal adhesion complexes power bacterial gliding motility". Science. 315 (5813): 853–856. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..853M. doi:10.1126/science.1137223. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 4095873. PMID 17289998.
  8. ^ Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Lee, Joanna Y.; Fletcher, Daniel A. (2005-09-23). "Spiroplasma swim by a processive change in body helicity". Cell. 122 (6): 941–945. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.07.004. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 16179261. S2CID 5070808.
  9. ^ van Teeffelen, Sven; Wang, Siyuan; Furchtgott, Leon; Huang, Kerwyn Casey; Wingreen, Ned S.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Gitai, Zemer (2011-09-20). "The bacterial actin MreB rotates, and rotation depends on cell-wall assembly". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (38): 15822–15827. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10815822V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108999108. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3179079. PMID 21903929.
  10. ^ Wang, Siyuan; Furchtgott, Leon; Huang, Kerwyn Casey; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2012-03-06). "Helical insertion of peptidoglycan produces chiral ordering of the bacterial cell wall". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (10): E595–604. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117132109. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3309786. PMID 22343529.
  11. ^ Bartlett, Thomas M.; Bratton, Benjamin P.; Duvshani, Amit; Miguel, Amanda; Sheng, Ying; Martin, Nicholas R.; Nguyen, Jeffrey P.; Persat, Alexandre; Desmarais, Samantha M.; VanNieuwenhze, Michael S.; Huang, Kerwyn Casey (2017-01-12). "A Periplasmic Polymer Curves Vibrio cholerae and Promotes Pathogenesis". Cell. 168 (1–2): 172–185.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.019. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 5287421. PMID 28086090.
  12. ^ Taylor, Jennifer A.; Bratton, Benjamin P.; Sichel, Sophie R.; Blair, Kris M.; Jacobs, Holly M.; DeMeester, Kristen E.; Kuru, Erkin; Gray, Joe; Biboy, Jacob; VanNieuwenhze, Michael S.; Vollmer, Waldemar (2020-01-09). "Distinct cytoskeletal proteins define zones of enhanced cell wall synthesis in Helicobacter pylori". eLife. 9. doi:10.7554/eLife.52482. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 7012605. PMID 31916938.
  13. ^ Wang, Siyuan; Arellano-Santoyo, Hugo; Combs, Peter A.; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2010-05-18). "Actin-like cytoskeleton filaments contribute to cell mechanics in bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (20): 9182–9185. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.9182W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911517107. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2889055. PMID 20439764.
  14. ^ Deng, Yi; Sun, Mingzhai; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2011-10-07). "Direct measurement of cell wall stress stiffening and turgor pressure in live bacterial cells". Physical Review Letters. 107 (15): 158101. arXiv:1104.1421. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.107o8101D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.158101. ISSN 1079-7114. PMID 22107320. S2CID 15880029.
  15. ^ Pilizota, Teuta; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2013-06-18). "Plasmolysis and cell shape depend on solute outer-membrane permeability during hyperosmotic shock in E. coli". Biophysical Journal. 104 (12): 2733–2742. Bibcode:2013BpJ...104.2733P. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.05.011. ISSN 1542-0086. PMC 3686340. PMID 23790382.
  16. ^ Pilizota, Teuta; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2014-10-21). "Origins of Escherichia coli growth rate and cell shape changes at high external osmolality". Biophysical Journal. 107 (8): 1962–1969. Bibcode:2014BpJ...107.1962P. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.025. ISSN 1542-0086. PMC 4213672. PMID 25418177.
  17. ^ Sun, Mingzhai; Wartel, Morgane; Cascales, Eric; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Mignot, Tâm (2011-05-03). "Motor-driven intracellular transport powers bacterial gliding motility". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (18): 7559–7564. doi:10.1073/pnas.1101101108. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3088616. PMID 21482768.
  18. ^ Balagam, Rajesh; Litwin, Douglas B.; Czerwinski, Fabian; Sun, Mingzhai; Kaplan, Heidi B.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Igoshin, Oleg A. (May 2014). "Myxococcus xanthus gliding motors are elastically coupled to the substrate as predicted by the focal adhesion model of gliding motility". PLOS Computational Biology. 10 (5): e1003619. arXiv:1401.3220. Bibcode:2014PLSCB..10E3619B. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003619. ISSN 1553-7358. PMC 4014417. PMID 24810164.
  19. ^ Thutupalli, Shashi; Sun, Mingzhai; Bunyak, Filiz; Palaniappan, Kannappan; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2015-08-06). "Directional reversals enable Myxococcus xanthus cells to produce collective one-dimensional streams during fruiting-body formation". Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 12 (109): 20150049. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0049. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4535398. PMID 26246416.
  20. ^ Liu, Guannan; Patch, Adam; Bahar, Fatmagül; Yllanes, David; Welch, Roy D.; Marchetti, M. Cristina; Thutupalli, Shashi; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2019-06-21). "Self-Driven Phase Transitions Drive Myxococcus xanthus Fruiting Body Formation". Physical Review Letters. 122 (24): 248102. arXiv:1709.06012. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122x8102L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.248102. ISSN 1079-7114. PMID 31322369. S2CID 38823898.
  21. ^ Pereira, Talmo D.; Aldarondo, Diego E.; Willmore, Lindsay; Kislin, Mikhail; Wang, Samuel S.-H.; Murthy, Mala; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (January 2019). "Fast animal pose estimation using deep neural networks". Nature Methods. 16 (1): 117–125. doi:10.1038/s41592-018-0234-5. ISSN 1548-7105. PMC 6899221. PMID 30573820.
  22. ^ Pereira, Talmo D.; Tabris, Nathaniel; Li, Junyu; Ravindranath, Shruthi; Papadoyannis, Eleni S.; Wang, Z. Yan; Turner, David M.; McKenzie-Smith, Grace; Kocher, Sarah D.; Falkner, Annegret L.; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2020-09-02). "SLEAP: Multi-animal pose tracking". bioRxiv: 2020.08.31.276246. doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.276246. S2CID 221510569.
  23. ^ Berman, Gordon J.; Choi, Daniel M.; Bialek, William; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2014-10-06). "Mapping the stereotyped behaviour of freely moving fruit flies". Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 11 (99). doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.0672. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4233753. PMID 25142523.
  24. ^ Berman, Gordon J.; Bialek, William; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (18 October 2016). "Predictability and hierarchy in Drosophila behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (42): 11943–11948. arXiv:1605.03626. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11311943B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1607601113. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 5081631. PMID 27702892.
  25. ^ Klibaite, Ugne; Berman, Gordon J.; Cande, Jessica; Stern, David L.; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (16 February 2017). "An unsupervised method for quantifying the behavior of paired animals". Physical Biology. 14 (1): 015006. arXiv:1609.09345. Bibcode:2017PhBio..14a5006K. doi:10.1088/1478-3975/aa5c50. ISSN 1478-3975. PMC 5414632. PMID 28140374.
  26. ^ Cande, Jessica; Namiki, Shigehiro; Qiu, Jirui; Korff, Wyatt; Card, Gwyneth M.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Stern, David L.; Berman, Gordon J. (26 June 2018). "Optogenetic dissection of descending behavioral control in Drosophila". eLife. 7. doi:10.7554/eLife.34275. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6031430. PMID 29943729.
  27. ^ "Governance - Unit - DBIO". engage.aps.org. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  28. ^ "Executive Committee - Unit - DBIO". engage.aps.org. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  29. ^ "APS Fellow Archive". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  30. ^ "The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers: Recipient Details | NSF - National Science Foundation". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  31. ^ "Pew Biomedical Scholars: Joshua W. Shaevitz, Ph.D." Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  32. ^ "Five awarded Sloan Research Fellowships". Princeton University. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
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