Juanita Elizabeth Jackson Mitchell (January 2, 1913 – July 7, 1992) was born in Hot Springs, Arkansas, and was the first African-American woman to practice law in Maryland. She was married to Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., mother of two Maryland State Senators, and grandmother of one.
Juanita Jackson Mitchell | |
|---|---|
 Juanita Jackson Mitchell, from a 1942 publication. | |
| Born | Juanita Elizabeth Jackson January 2, 1913 Hot Springs, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Died | July 7, 1992 (aged 79) |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Known for | First African-American woman to practice law in Maryland |
Background
editThe daughter of Kieffer Albert Jackson and Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson, Mitchell attended Frederick Douglass High School, Morgan State College and graduated, cum laude, from the University of Pennsylvania with a B.S. in education in 1931. Four years later, she earned a M.A. in sociology from the University of Pennsylvania as well. In 1950, she became the first African-American woman to graduate from the University of Maryland School of Law, and the first African-American woman to practice law in Maryland.[1][2]
Career
editIn her earlier years, Mitchell traveled extensively throughout the U.S. for the Bureau of Negro Work and the Methodist church, speaking and teaching courses in race relations. From 1935 to 1938, she was special assistant to Walter F. White, NAACP Executive Secretary, serving as National Youth Director. There, she organized and developed programs for the organization's Youth and College Division.[3] Mitchell was the president of Maryland's NAACP Baltimore City branch when she advocated for Baltimore school desegregation and after the 1954 United States Supreme Court case, Brown v. Board of Education, she was a major campaigner for making Maryland the first southern state to have integration. She also filed many other cases to desegregate numerous other aspects of segregated life including restaurants, parks and swimming pools. Mitchell also ran voter registration drives in the 1940s, '50s and '60s to help influence and rally African Americans in Baltimore to vote.[4]
Mitchell was also recognized in the political arena for being a crusader and leader. She was named to the White House Conference on "Women and Civil Rights" by John F. Kennedy and in 1966 she was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to the White House Conference "To Fulfill These Rights" which dealt with finding solutions concerning African Americans in relation to economic security, education and justice. In 1987, Mitchell was inducted, along with her mother, into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. The NAACP has also recognized Juanita Jackson Mitchell for her accomplishments and has created a "Juanita Jackson Mitchell Award for Legal Activism" to honor her feats as a black woman in the legal field.
Mitchell family
editIn 1938, Mitchell married Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., who was known nationally for being a civil rights activist, being dubbed "the 101st Senator." She was the daughter of Dr. Lillie Jackson, who was also a major civil rights leader and who also was president of the NAACP Baltimore branch and was known as "Mother of Freedom." Juanita Jackson Mitchell came from a long line of civil activists and continued the line. She was the mother of former state senators Michael B. Mitchell and Clarence M. Mitchell, III.[5] Her Grandson, Clarence M. Mitchell, IV was a Member of the Maryland House of Delegates and then a Member of the Maryland State Senate. Her grandson, Keiffer J. Mitchell, Jr., was a member of the Baltimore City Council and ran for Mayor of Baltimore in 2007. Juanita Mitchell was rendered a quadriplegic in November 1989 after falling down a flight of stairs. While undergoing therapy for that injury, she suffered a stroke, her second since 1985; she was 79. Juanita Jackson Mitchell died in Baltimore of a heart attack and complications from the strokes in July 1992.
Legacy
editEach year, the NAACP, at its National Convention, awards the Juanita Jackson Mitchell Legal Activism Award to an NAACP Unit for exemplary legal redress committee activities.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Biographical Series: Juanita Jackson Mitchell (1913-1992)". Archives of Maryland. Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
- ^ "Jane C. M. Lucas". www.law.umich.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-02-17. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
- ^ "Juanita Jackson Mitchel". The African American Registry. Archived from the original on November 19, 2005. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
- ^ Maryland Commission for Women. "Juanita Jackson Mitchell". Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. Maryland State Archives. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ "Civil rights leader battled bias in court". The Baltimore Sun. 2007-01-25. Retrieved 2008-05-12. [dead link]
- ^ "NAACP Legal Department Awards". NAACP. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-12.