Jubata ez-Zeit (Arabic: جباتا الزيت, Jubātā az-Zayt)[1] was a Syrian village situated in the northern the Golan Heights. According to an Arab resident of a nearby town, it had a population of around 1,500 to 2,000 people prior to the forced expulsion of the town's residents in 1968.[2]
Jubata ez-Zeit
جباتا الزيت | |
|---|---|
  Jubata ez-Zeit Jubata ez-Zeit in Syria | |
| Coordinates: 33°15′N 35°44′E / 33.250°N 35.733°E | |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Quneitra |
| District | Quneitra |
| Subdistrict | Mas'ade |
| Region | Golan Heights |
| Destroyed | 1967 |
| Elevation | 979 m (3,215 ft) |
| Population (1967) | |
• Total | 1,500−2,000 (individual estimate) |
Etymology
editJubata ez-Zeit is an Arabic name that translates into English as "olive oil pit," and refers to the olive trees that grew in the village which remain present today.[3]
History
edit19th century
editIn 1810, Johann Ludwig Burckhardt visited the village and wrote:
"... One hour more brought us to the village of Djoubeta, where we remained during the night at the house of some friends of the Sheikh of Banias. This village belongs to Hasbeya; it is inhabited by about fifty Turkish and ten Greek families; they subsist chiefly by the cultivation of olives, and by the rearing of cattle. I was well treated at the house where we alighted, and also at that of the Sheikh of the village, where I went to drink a cup of coffee. It being Ramadan, we passed the greater part of the night in conversation and smoking; the company grew merry, and knowing that I was curious about ruined places, began to enumerate all the villages and ruins in the neighbourhood, of which I subjoin the names.* The neighbouring mountains of the Heish abound in tigers (نمورة nimoura); their skins are much esteemed by the Arab Sheikhs as saddle cloths. There are also bears, wolves, and stags; the wild boar is met with in all the mountains which I visited in my tour."[4]
1967 and aftermath
editAbout half of the residents of Jubat ez-Zeit fled during the fighting in the Six-Day War of June 1967. The remaining half were expelled from the Golan Heights by the Israeli Army after the war.[2] Israeli soldiers forced the civilians of the village to flee by shooting at them.[5] Disabled people still in the village were put on donkeys by the Israelis and escorted out of the Golan.[6] The village was later demolished.[7] The Jubata ez-Zeit mosque was initially spared.[8] One year after the war, in 1968, the area was declared a closed military zone.[2] The mosque was ultimately destroyed around 1970.[9]
In the early 1970s, the Israeli settlement of Neve Ativ was built on the site of the former village.[10]
Geography
editJubata ez-Zeit was located in the lower, eastern ridges of Jabal esh-Sheikh. Wadi Jubbata passes below it, and runs to the north of Nimrod castle toward Banias.
Notable residents
edit- Marwan Habash[1] (born 1938), Syrian Baath Party politician and writer
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Hanna Batatu (1999). Syria's peasantry, the descendants of its lesser rural notables, and their politics (Illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 338. ISBN 978-0-691-00254-5.
- ^ a b c Murphy & Gannon 2008, p. 149
- ^ Dar 1993, p. 168
- ^ Burckhardt 1822, p. 44-45
- ^ Murphy & Gannon 2008, p. 160-161
- ^ Murphy & Gannon 2008, p. 149
- ^ Murphy & Gannon 2008, p. 163
- ^ Sulimani & Kletter 2022, pp. 59
- ^ Sulimani & Kletter 2022, pp. 58
- ^ Murphy & Gannon 2008, p. 151
Bibliography
edit- Burckhardt, John Lewis (1822). Travels in Syria and the Holy Land. London: J. Murray.
- Dar, Shimon̕n (1993). Settlements and cult sites on Mount Hermon, Israel: Ituraean culture in the Hellenistic and Roman periods (Illustrated ed.). Tempus Reparatum. p. 168. ISBN 9780860547563.
- Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. (p. 641)
- Murphy, Ray; Gannon, Declan (2008). "Changing the Landscape: Israel's Gross Violations of International Law in the Occupied Syrian Golan". Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law. 11. Cambridge University Press: 139–174. doi:10.1017/S1389135908001396.
- Batatu, H. (1999). Syria's peasantry, the descendants of its lesser rural notables, and their politics (Illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00254-5.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1857). Later Biblical researches in Palestine, and in the adjacent regions: a journal of travels in the year 1852 (2nd ed.). Crocker and Brewster. p. 405.
jubbata.
- Sulimani, Gideon; Kletter, Raz (2022). "Settler-Colonialism and the Diary of an Israeli Settler in the Golan Heights: The Notebooks of Izhaki Gal". Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies. 21 (1). Edinburgh University Press: 48–71. doi:10.3366/hlps.2022.0283. ISSN 2054-1988.
External links
editFurther reading
edit- Ray Murphy: Forgotten Rights: Consequences of the Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights. in David Keane and Yvonne McDermott (eds.): The Challenge of Human Rights: Past, Present and Future. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham and Northampton 2012, pp. 138–163. Article focusses on Jubata ez-Zeit.