A Juchart (also Jucharte or Juchard, in French Pose, in Italian Pertica) was a unit of area measurement used in rural Switzerland until the early 20th century. In other German speaking regions it was known as a Joch, Jochart, Jauchart, Jauch, Juck or Juckert. The Juchart was a measurement of the amount of farm land that a man could plow in one day. It is similar to the northern German traditional measurement of a Morgen, which was approximately the amount of land tillable by one man behind an ox in the morning hours of a day. In the French speaking Canton of Vaud a related unit of acreage, the Pose was used.[1]
Size
editAs with most units of this type, the size of a Juchart varied widely. It depended on the productivity and shape of the land.
| Region (timespan) | Name | Size in m² | Size in acres | Subdivisions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plains (traditional) | Juchart[2] | 4,100–6,200 | 1.0–1.5 acres | 4 Vierlinge or 16 Quärtli |
| Swiss Plateau (traditional) | Juchart[2] | 2,700–3,600 | 0.67–0.89 acres | 4 Vierlinge or 16 Quärtli |
| St. Gallen (traditional) | Tagehri[3] | 1,738 | 0.429 acres | |
| St. Gallen, Graubünden, Vorderrhein (traditional) | Mal[4] | 1,050–1,760 | 0.26–0.43 acres | |
| Graubünden Rhein valley (vineyards, traditional) | Mal[4] | 1,100 | 0.27 acres | |
| Ticino (traditional) | Pertica[2] | 700–850 | 0.17–0.21 acres | Spazzo (4–5 m²), Staggio (7–33 m²) |
| Valais (traditional) | Fischela[2] | 380–850 | 0.094–0.210 acres | |
| Neuchâtel (traditional) | Journal[5] | 2,700 | 0.67 acres | perche or émine |
| Valais (traditional) | Journal[5] | 6,200 | 1.5 acres | |
| Fribourg (traditional) | Béquille[6] | 135 | 0.033 acres | |
| Moutier (traditional) | Chaîne[7] | 106 | 0.026 acres | |
| Wooded land (traditional) | Juchart | 3,360–4,460 | 0.83–1.10 acres | |
| Meadows (traditional) | Mannwerk/seiteur or faux [8] | 2,900–3,900 | 0.72–0.96 acres | |
| Vaud – Meadows (1822) | Fossorier[8] | 4,500 | 1.1 acres | |
| Vaud (1822) | Pose[2] | 4,500 | 1.1 acres | 8 Fossorier or Ouvrier |
| Ticino (1826) | Pertica[2] | 500 | 0.12 acres | Tavole, Gettate, Once or Quadretti |
| German Switzerland (1838) | Juchart[2] | 3,600 | 0.89 acres | 4 Vierlinge or 16 Quärtli |
- Notes ^a Also a unit of grain volume, approx. 12.3–29.7 liters
References
edit- ^ Christian Noback, Friedrich Eduard Noback: Vollständiges Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maß- und Gewichtsverhältnisse. Book 1, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1851, pg. 463
- ^ a b c d e f g Juchart in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Tagehri in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ a b Mal in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ a b Journal in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Béquille in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Chaîne in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ a b Mannwerk [Mannsmad] in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
External links
edit- Juchart in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- Weights and measures in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.