Jugular foramen syndrome, or Vernet's syndrome, is characterized by paresis of the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and accessory (with or without the hypoglossal) nerves.[1][2]
| Jugular foramen syndrome | |
|---|---|
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| Human brain inferior view showing cranial nerves |
Symptoms
editSymptoms of this syndrome are consequences of this paresis. As such, an affected patient may show:[citation needed]
- dysphonia/hoarseness
- soft palate dropping
- deviation of the uvula towards the normal side
- dysphagia
- loss of sensory function from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (CN IX)
- decrease in the parotid gland secretion (CN IX)
- loss of gag reflex
- sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles paresis (CN XI)
Causes
edit- Glomus tumors (most frequently)
- Meningiomas
- Schwannomas (Acoustic neuroma)
- Metastatic tumors located at the cerebellopontine angle
- Trauma
- Fracture of occipital bone
- Infections
- Cholesteatoma (very rare)
- Obstruction of the jugular foramen due to bone diseases
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma spreading into the parapharyngeal space involving the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves
Diagnosis
edit- Gadolinium enhanced mri for vestibular schwannoma
- mri and biopsy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- based on nerve palsies
- NCCT for occipital bone fracture
References
edit- ^ Erol, Fatih Serhat; Kaplan, Metin; Kavakli, Ahmet; Ozveren, M. Faik (June 2005). "Jugular foramen syndrome caused by choleastatoma". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 107 (4): 342–346. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.08.006. PMID 15885397.
- ^ Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo, ed. (2012). Schmidek and Sweet Indications, Methods and Results (Expert Consult - Online and Print) (6th ed.). London: Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2337. ISBN 9781455723287.