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July 2000 lunar eclipse

A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Sunday, July 16, 2000,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 1.7684. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.1 days after apogee (on July 15, 2000, at 11:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

July 2000 lunar eclipse
Total eclipse
Hourly motion shown right to left
DateJuly 16, 2000
Gamma0.0302
Magnitude1.7684
Saros cycle129 (37 of 71)
Totality106 minutes, 25 seconds
Partiality236 minutes, 2 seconds
Penumbral374 minutes, 31 seconds
Contacts (UTC)
P110:48:22
U111:57:35
U213:02:23
Greatest13:55:35
U314:48:47
U415:53:55
P417:02:46

This was a relatively rare central lunar eclipse, where the Moon crossed the center of the Earth's shadow. Totality lasted for 106 minutes and 25 seconds, the longest duration since 13 August 1859 (106 minutes and 28 seconds) and 3 May 459 (106 minutes and 32 seconds), and totality of this length won't occur again until 19 August 4753 (106 minutes and 35 seconds). This was the last and longest total lunar eclipse of the 20th century as well as the second longest and last of the second millennium. It was also the eighth longest total lunar eclipse on EclipseWise's Six Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses which covers the years 3000 BCE to 3000 AD. The longest total lunar eclipse between the years 4000 BCE and 6000 CE took place on 31 May 318. Totality lasted 106 minutes and 36 seconds which is only 11 seconds longer than this one.[3]

Visibility

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The eclipse was completely visible over Australia, Antarctica, and much of the Pacific Ocean, seen rising over Asia and eastern Africa and setting over western North and South America.[4]

   
The Moon passed straight through the center of the Earth's shadow at the descending node in Sagittarius of its orbit.

Eclipse details

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Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]

July 16, 2000 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 2.83749
Umbral Magnitude 1.76839
Gamma 0.03015
Sun Right Ascension 07h44m54.7s
Sun Declination +21°15'02.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'44.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 19h44m54.2s
Moon Declination -21°13'24.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'43.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°54'01.2"
ΔT 64.0 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of July 2000
July 1
Ascending node (new moon)
 July 16
Descending node (full moon)
 July 31
Ascending node (new moon)
     
Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 117		 Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 129		 Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 155
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Eclipses in 2000

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Lunar Saros 129

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Inex

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Triad

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Lunar eclipses of 1998–2002

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Lunar eclipse series sets from 1998–2002
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma
109 1998 Aug 08
  		penumbral
  		1.4876 114 1999 Jan 31
  		penumbral
  		−1.0190
119 1999 Jul 28
  		partial
  		0.7863 124
  		2000 Jan 21
  		total
  		−0.2957
129 2000 Jul 16
  		total
  		0.0302 134
  		2001 Jan 09
  		total
  		0.3720
139 2001 Jul 05
  		partial
  		−0.7287 144 2001 Dec 30
  		penumbral
  		1.0732
149 2002 Jun 24
  		penumbral
  		−1.4440
Last set 1998 Sep 06 Last set 1998 Mar 13
Next set 2002 May 26 Next set 2002 Nov 20

Saros 129

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Lunar saros series 129, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, containing 71 events, has 11 total lunar eclipses. The first total lunar eclipse of this series was on May 24, 1910, and last will be on September 8, 2090. The longest occurrence of this series was on July 16, 2000 when totality lasted 106 minutes and 24.6 seconds.

Greatest First
 
The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 2000 Jul 16, lasting 106 minutes. 		Penumbral Partial Total Central
1351 Jun 10 1513 Sep 15 1910 May 24 1946 Jun 14
Last
Central Total Partial Penumbral
2036 Aug 7 2090 Sep 8 2469 Apr 26 2613 Jul 24
1901–2100
1910 May 24 1928 Jun 3 1946 Jun 14
           
1964 Jun 25 1982 Jul 6 2000 Jul 16
           
2018 Jul 27 2036 Aug 7 2054 Aug 18
           
2072 Aug 28 2090 Sep 8
       

It last occurred on 27 July 2018, and will next occur on 7 August 2036.

This is the 37th member of Lunar Saros 129. The previous event was the July 2018 lunar eclipse. The next event is the August 2036 lunar eclipse. Lunar Saros 129 contains 11 total lunar eclipses between 1910 and 2090. Solar Saros 136 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

Tritos series

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The tritos series repeats 31 days short of 11 years at alternating nodes. Sequential events have incremental Saros cycle indices.

This series produces 23 total eclipses between June 22, 1880 and August 9, 2120.

Tritos eclipse series (subset 1901–2100)
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
chart 		Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
chart
120 1902 Apr 22
  		Total
  		121 1913 Mar 22
  		Total
 
122 1924 Feb 20
  		Total
  		123 1935 Jan 19
  		Total
 
124 1945 Dec 19
  		Total
  		125 1956 Nov 18
  		Total
 
126 1967 Oct 18
  		Total
  		127 1978 Sep 16
  		Total
 
128 1989 Aug 17
  		Total
  		129 2000 Jul 16
  		Total
 
130 2011 Jun 15
  		Total
  		131 2022 May 16
  		Total
 
132 2033 Apr 14
  		Total
  		133 2044 Mar 13
  		Total
 
134 2055 Feb 11
  		Total
  		135 2066 Jan 11
  		Total
 
136 2076 Dec 10
  		Total
  		137 2087 Nov 10
  		Total
 
138 2098 Oct 10
  		Total
 

Inex series

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The inex series repeats eclipses 20 days short of 29 years, repeating on average every 10571.95 days. This period is equal to 358 lunations (synodic months) and 388.5 draconic months. Saros series increment by one on successive Inex events and repeat at alternate ascending and descending lunar nodes.

This period is 383.6734 anomalistic months (the period of the Moon's elliptical orbital precession). Despite the average 0.05 time-of-day shift between subsequent events, the variation of the Moon in its elliptical orbit at each event causes the actual eclipse time to vary significantly. It is a part of Lunar Inex series 40.

All events in this series shown (from 1000 to 2500) are central total lunar eclipses.

Inex series from 1000–2500 AD
Descending node Ascending node Descending node Ascending node
Saros Date Saros Date Saros Date Saros Date
95 1016 May 24 96 1045 May 3 97 1074 Apr 14 98 1103 Mar 25
99 1132 Mar 3 100 1161 Feb 12 101 1190 Jan 23 102 1219 Jan 2
103 1247 Dec 13 104 1276 Nov 23 105 1305 Nov 2 106 1334 Oct 13
107 1363 Sep 23 108 1392 Sep 2 109 1421 Aug 13 110 1450 Jul 24
111 1479 Jul 4 112 1508 Jun 13
  		113 1537 May 24 114 1566 May 4
115 1595 Apr 24 116 1624 Apr 3 117 1653 Mar 14 118 1682 Feb 21
119 1711 Feb 3 120 1740 Jan 13 121 1768 Dec 23 122 1797 Dec 4
123 1826 Nov 14 124 1855 Oct 25 125 1884 Oct 4 126 1913 Sep 15
 
127 1942 Aug 26
  		128 1971 Aug 6
  		129 2000 Jul 16
  		130 2029 Jun 26
 
131 2058 Jun 6
  		132 2087 May 17
  		133 2116 Apr 27 134 2145 Apr 7
135 2174 Mar 18 136 2203 Feb 26 137 2232 Feb 7 138 2261 Jan 17
139 2289 Dec 27 140 2318 Dec 9 141 2347 Nov 19 142 2376 Oct 28
143 2405 Oct 8 144 2434 Sep 18 145 2463 Aug 29 146 2492 Aug 8
 

Half-Saros cycle

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A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[6] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 136.

July 11, 1991 July 22, 2009
   

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "July 16–17, 2000 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  3. ^ EclipseWise – Six Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses
  4. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2000 Jul 16" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  5. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2000 Jul 16". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  6. ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
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