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The following events occurred in June 1935:
- Fernand Bouisson became caretaker Prime Minister of France; his tenure lasted only a week.[1]
- Britain introduced mandatory driving tests.[2]
- Babe Ruth quit the Boston Braves after an argument with team owner Emil Fuchs. Ruth wanted to attend an arrival party for the Normandie since he couldn't play anyway due to a knee injury, but Fuchs refused to give him a day off. Ruth said in his initial statement that he was retiring, but he then said he was merely taking a "60 day vacation" and would consider offers from any other teams made afterward. However, no offers would be made.[3][4][5]
- Uruguayan President Gabriel Terra was shot by a former deputy from a rival party, Bernando Garcia, while visiting a race course. Although Garcia fired from close range, a bystander bumped his arm as he fired and the bullet merely grazed the president's leg. Garcia was swiftly arrested.[6]
- Born: Roger Brierley, actor, in Stockport, Cheshire, England (d. 2005); Dimitri Kitsikis, Turkologist, in Athens, Greece; Carol Shields, American-born Canadian author, in Oak Park, Illinois (d. 2003)
- The Normandie took the Blue Riband upon completion of its maiden voyage from France to New York in a record 4 days, 11 hours 33 minutes – 3 hours faster than the old record. At one point the ship attained a sustained speed of 31.89 knots, also a record for an ocean liner.[7]
- 400 people in Mexico died in flooding.[8]
- The On-to-Ottawa Trek by thousands of unemployed men began in Western Canada.
- Bouisson's cabinet fell when the French Chamber of Deputies voted down his request for emergency powers to save the devalued franc – the same issue that brought down Pierre-Étienne Flandin five days earlier.[9]
- The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council rendered a decision that ended British jurisdiction over courts in the Irish Free State and the Empire's Dominions.[13]
- The Alfred Hitchcock-directed suspense film The 39 Steps premiered at the New Gallery Theatre in London.[14]
- Died: Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, 72, British army officer and 12th Governor General of Canada; George Grossmith, Jr., 61, British actor and theatre producer
- Stanley Baldwin replaced Ramsay MacDonald as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. In less than an hour Baldwin produced a new cabinet which included Samuel Hoare as the new Foreign Secretary and Viscount Halifax as Secretary of State for War.[15]
- Pierre Laval became Prime Minister of France for the second time. The French Chamber of Deputies voted to grant the Laval government emergency powers to handle the crisis of the franc's devaluation.[16]
- Omaha won the Belmont Stakes and became the third horse to complete the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.[17]
- Nazi Germany stripped Bertolt Brecht of his citizenship "for behavior in violation of the obligation of loyalty toward Reich and people."[18]
- Sam Parks, Jr. won the U.S. Open golf tournament.
- In a blunt speech in Cagliari, Benito Mussolini told the British to stay out the Abyssinia Crisis, saying "they never took into consideration world opinion" while creating the British Empire. "we have got old, and we have got new accounts to settle with Ethiopia, and we will settle them", Mussolini declared. "We will pay no attention to what is said in foreign countries. We exclusively are the judges of our own interests and the guarantors of our future."[19]
- Born: George Brunet, baseball player, in Houghton, Michigan (d. 1991)
- Legislative elections were held in Greece. The alliance of the People's Party and National Radical Party won 287 of 300 seats.
- Born: Dutch Savage, professional wrestler, in Scranton, Pennsylvania (d. 2013)
- The He–Umezu Agreement was signed in secret between Japan and China.[20]
- American doctor Bob Smith had his last drink – a beer to steady his hands before surgery. As the cofounder of Alcoholics Anonymous, this is considered the official establishment date of the organization.[21]
- Born: Milan Matulović, chess grandmaster, in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (d. 2013)
- The U.S. Senate passed the Wheeler-Rayburn Public Utility Bill.[22]
- Edward, Prince of Wales made a controversial statement at a British Legion conference when he endorsed an idea that a delegation of German war veterans would be welcomed in Britain and that a delegation of British veterans should visit Germany in return.[23]
- Born: Earlene Brown, athlete, in Latexo, Texas (d. 1983)
- Died: William Wilson Underhill, 95, American businessman
- An armistice was signed in the Chaco War, effective June 14.[20]
- Louisiana Senator Huey Long began a filibuster against a resolution to extend a watered-down version of the National Recovery Administration.[24]
- Wonderland Greyhound Park opened in Revere, Massachusetts.
- Born: Ian Craig, cricketer, in Yass, New South Wales, Australia (d. 2014)
- Died: Charles Russell Bardeen, 64, American physician and anatomist
- James J. Braddock defeated Max Baer at Madison Square Garden Bowl to win the World Heavyweight Championship of boxing.[25]
- An explosion at a munitions factory in Reinsdorf, Germany killed 60 people and destroyed many houses in the vicinity.[26][27]
- Senator Long ended his filibuster at 3:40 a.m., 15 hours and 25 minutes after he began.[28]
- Born: Christo and Jeanne-Claude, installation artists, in Gabrovo, Bulgaria and Casablanca, Morocco respectively (Christo died in 2020 and Jeanne-Claude in 2009); Samak Sundaravej, 25th Prime Minister of Thailand, in Bangkok (d. 2009)
- The New York Times was banned in Italy for coverage critical of the Fascist regime during the Abyssinia Crisis.[29]
- 42 people were injured and 1 killed in Omaha, Nebraska when police fired on a mob supporting a strike of streetcar employees.[30]
- 18 Communists captured by the government were executed in Shanghai.[29]
- Welwyn Garden City rail crash: 14 were killed and 29 injured when two trains collided at Welwyn Garden City railway station in Hertfordshire, England.
- Martial law was declared in Omaha.[31]
- Italy ordered the recall of all silver currency in the country due to necessity for the metal in its war preparations against Ethiopia.[32]
- The T. S. Eliot play Murder in the Cathedral premiered in the Chapter House of Canterbury Cathedral.[20]
- The suspense film The Glass Key was released.
- Died: Gaar Williams, 54, American cartoonist
- Inventor Edwin Howard Armstrong gave the first public demonstration of frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting in a transmission from Alpine, New Jersey.[20]
- Arthur W. Fox and Charles Nicholl of the United Kingdom won the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race.
- Baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis allowed the convicted felon Alabama Pitts to play professional baseball for the Albany Senators of the International League.[33]
- Born: Peggy Seeger, folk singer, in New York City
- The Anglo-German Naval Agreement was signed, allowing Germany to build a navy equal to 35 percent of the tonnage of the Royal Navy.[10] France was angered by the agreement and a rift in Anglo-French relations resulted.[11]
- A mutiny in a prison coal mine in Lansing, Kansas was put down after 21 hours. No one was injured but an estimated $25,000 damage was done to the mine.[34]
- Prince Edward's recent remarks were brought up in the House of Commons when Aneurin Bevan quizzed Foreign Minister Samuel Hoare about the idea to invite German war veterans to England. The Foreign Minister replied that it was a matter "entirely for the ex-servicemen's organisations" and that he could neither "approve nor disapprove" of the Prince's comments.[35]
- Born: Derren Nesbitt, actor, in London, England
- Richard Hauptmann appealed his murder conviction in the Lindbergh kidnapping case.[11]
- Died: Geoffrey Howard, 58, British politician
- The Rockefeller Institute in New York reported that French surgeon Alexis Carrel had succeeded in keeping the internal organs of an animal alive outside its body, with the help of a perfusion pump invented by Charles Lindbergh.[11]
- More than 2,000 homes were destroyed by a fire in Peshawar, though no casualties were reported.[36]
- Born: Françoise Sagan, playwright, novelist and screenwriter, in Cajarc, France (d. 2004)
- In Geneva, the International Labour Conference adopted a convention designed to establish a 40-hour work week.[37]
- Born: Floyd Norman, animator, in Santa Barbara, California
- Britain sent diplomat Anthony Eden to Rome in another attempt to avert war between Italy and Ethiopia.[20]
- A bomb exploded at the American embassy in Mexico City. It was tossed over the embassy's wall and exploded in the patio, but did no damage other than blowing out several windows.[38]
- 14 people died in an air crash in Medellín, Colombia, including singer and film actor Carlos Gardel.[39]
- German runner Otto Peltzer was sentenced to 18 months in prison for "homosexual offenses".[40]
- Born: Ron Kramer, American football player, in Girard, Kansas (d. 2010); Terry Riley, composer, in Colfax, California
- Died: Carlos Gardel, 44, French Argentine singer, songwriter, composer and actor (plane crash)
- 57,000 boxing fans packed Yankee Stadium to watch Joe Louis defeat Primo Carnera by technical knockout in the sixth round.[41]
- Anthony Eden left Rome after three days of unproductive discussions with Mussolini.[42]
- The Reich Labour Service Law went into effect in Nazi Germany, requiring all between the ages of 18 and 25 to perform six months of labour service.[43]
- An unofficial poll conducted across Britain to determine the public's level of support for the League of Nations ended after seven months. The results were announced that evening, showing that 11,090,287 out of 11,446,270 (96.8%) favoured continued adherence to the League. 37.9% of all voters across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland cast ballots in the poll.[44]
- At Fenway Park in Boston, Danno O'Mahony pinned Jim Londos to win the National Wrestling Association World Heavyweight Championship.[45]
- Born: Ramon Zamora, martial arts film actor, in San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines (d. 2007)
- President Roosevelt ordered the construction of a federal gold vault at Fort Knox.[11]
- Alf Perry won the Open Championship.
- Born: John Inman, comedic actor and singer, in Preston, Lancashire (d. 2007)
- The Bankhead–Jones Act was enacted in the United States.
- Born: Katsuya Nomura, in Mineyama (now Kyotango), Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, Japanese baseball player and manager (d. 2020)
- Died: Kaitarō Hasegawa, 35, Japanese novelist (bronchial asthma)
- 75 were reported dead in Japan's worst flooding in half a century.[46]
- Reports surfaced that Hitler was using body doubles to thwart any potential assassins.[11]
References
edit- ^ Sachar, Howard M. (2014-10-29). The Assassination of Europe, 1918-1942: A Political History. University of Toronto Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-1-4426-0918-1.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ "Babe Ruth Quits; So Boston Fires Him". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 3, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "June 2, 1935 – Babe Ruth announced his retirement from baseball at age 40". Athletic Poets. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ Neyer, Rob (2006). Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders. Simon and Schuster. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-1-4165-9214-3.
- ^ "President of Uruguay Shot by Political Foe". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 3, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ Weer, William (June 3, 1935). "Normandie Smashes All-Time Record". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. p. 1.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 3. Juni 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ Taylor, Edmond (June 5, 1935). "Second French Cabinet Falls; Nation Panicky". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ a b "Chronology 1935". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. pp. 453–454. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 5. Juni 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ "End Jurisdiction of British Court over Dominions". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 7, 1935. p. 13.
- ^ Glancy, Mark (2003). The 39 Steps: A British Film Guide. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-86064-614-0.
- ^ Steele, John (June 8, 1935). "MacDonald Out, Baldwin in as British Premier". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
- ^ Taylor, Edmond (June 8, 1935). "Laval Becomes Money Dictator in French Crisis". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9.
- ^ "Omaha Splashes to Victory in Belmont Stakes". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 9, 1935. p. 21.
- ^ Lyon, James K. (1980). Bertolt Brecht in America. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4008-5590-2.
- ^ "Britain Defied by Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 9, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ a b c d e "1935". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ Cheever, Susan (February 27, 2012). "Who Really Founded AA?". The Fix. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ "Senate Passes Utilities Rule Bill, 56 to 32". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 12, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Britain Ignores Wales' Friendly Gesture To Nazis". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 20, 1935. p. 10.
- ^ "Long Blocks NRA Renewal By Filibuster". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 12, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Baer Loses to Braddock". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 14, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Fear Hundreds Dead As Explosion Wrecks German Powder Plant". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 13, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 13. Juni 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ "Huey Long Speaks 15 Hours". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 13, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ a b "Tageseinträge für 14. Juni 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ "Kill Strike Rioter; 42 Hurt". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 15, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "1,800 Troops Rule in Omaha". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 16, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Italy Recalls Silver Money as War Looms". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 16, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Landis Allows Alabama Pitts Into Baseball". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 18, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Rioting Felons Back in Cells; Await Penalty". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 20, 1935. p. 7.
- ^ "British Ex-Servicemen's Delegation". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). June 19, 1935. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ "2,000 Homes Are Destroyed by Fire in City in India". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 23, 1935. p. 10.
- ^ "World Labor Parley Passes 40 Hour Week Convention". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 23, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Blast Rocks U. S. Embassy". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 24, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Planes Collide and Burn; 14 Killed". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 25, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 24. Juni 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ "57,000 See Louis Stop Carnera in 6th". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 26, 1935. p. 1.
- ^ "Il Duce Rejects Appeal to Drop African Venture". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 27, 1935. p. 8.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 26. Juni 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ^ "11 Million Vote for Britain to Stay in League". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 28, 1935. p. 12.
- ^ "Dan O'Mahoney Pins Londos to Win Mat Title". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 28, 1935. p. 27.
- ^ "75 Dead in Japan". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 30, 1935. p. 1.