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June 1940

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The following events occurred in June 1940:

June 1, 1940 (Saturday)

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June 2, 1940 (Sunday)

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  • Adolf Hitler entered French territory for the first time in the war and visited the Canadian National Vimy Memorial, where photographers took his picture as he walked around the site with his entourage. The photos, showing the memorial intact, were then published in German newspapers to refute stories in the Canadian media claiming that the Germans had bombed it.[2][3]
  • War Secretary Anthony Eden gave a radio address on the Dunkirk evacuation reporting that four-fifths of the British Expeditionary Force had been saved. "The British Expeditionary Force still exists, not as a handful of fugitives, but as a body of seasoned veterans," Eden said. "We have had great losses in equipment. But our men have gained immeasurably in experience of warfare and in self-confidence. The vital weapon of any army is its spirit. Ours has been tried and tempered in the furnace. It has not been found wanting. It is this refusal to accept defeat, that is the guarantee of final victory."[4][5]
  • The remaining French forces at Dunkirk were pushed back into the town itself.[6]
  • 26,256 were evacuated from Dunkirk as operations switched to only being undertaken at night due to the costly air attacks.[1]
  • The masked crimefighting character The Spirit first appeared in the American Sunday comics.
  • Born: Constantine II of Greece, King of Greece from 1964 to 1973, in Psychiko, Athens, Greece (d. 2023)

June 3, 1940 (Monday)

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June 4, 1940 (Tuesday)

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June 5, 1940 (Wednesday)

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  • The Germans began the second phase of the invasion of France, codenamed Fall Rot, by attacking across the Somme and Aisne rivers. The Germans initially met stiff resistance, since the French had spent the previous two weeks organizing their defenses south of the Somme.[11]
  • The French cabinet underwent a reshuffle. Édouard Daladier was removed and Charles de Gaulle became Under-Secretary for Defence.[12]
  • The British government banned all labour strikes.[7]
  • German fighter ace Werner Mölders was shot down and taken prisoner by the French. He would only spend two weeks in captivity.[13]
  • Wartime emergency legislation in Canada banned 16 Nazi, Communist and Fascist organizations.[14]
  • Died: F. Luis Mora, 65, Uruguayan-born American painter

June 6, 1940 (Thursday)

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June 7, 1940 (Friday)

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June 8, 1940 (Saturday)

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June 9, 1940 (Sunday)

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June 10, 1940 (Monday)

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  • Norway surrendered to Germany. King Haakon VII and his cabinet escaped to London to form a government in exile.[22]
  • At 6 p.m., Benito Mussolini appeared on the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia to announce that in six hours, Italy would be in a state of war with France and Britain. After a speech explaining his motives for the decision, he concluded: "People of Italy: take up your weapons and show your tenacity, your courage and your valor."[23] The Italians had no battle plans of any kind prepared.[6]
  • Anti-Italian riots broke out in major cities across the United Kingdom after Italy's declaration of war. Bricks, stones and bottles were thrown through the windows of Italian-owned shops, and 100 arrests were made in Edinburgh alone.[24]
  • Canada declared war on Italy.[12]
  • Italy broke off relations with Poland.[12]
  • Belgium broke off relations with Italy.[12]
  • The Italian invasion of France began. Fighting would be mostly limited to skirmishing for the first ten days since both sides along the Franco-Italian border were deployed in defensive positions at the beginning of hostilities.
  • 7th Panzer Division reached Dalles near Dieppe.[25]
  • While making a commencement speech at the Memorial Gymnasium of the University of Virginia, President Roosevelt denounced Mussolini: "On this tenth day of June, 1940, the hand that held the dagger has plunged it into the back of its neighbor." The president also said that military victories for the "gods of force and hate" were a threat to all democracies in the western world and that America could no longer pretend to be a "lone island in a world of force."[26]
  • Operation Cycle, the evacuation of Allied troops from Le Havre, began.
  • Born: Daniel J. Sullivan, theatre and film director and playwright, in Wray, Colorado
  • Died: Marcus Garvey, 52, Jamaican publisher and black nationalist leader; Norman McLeod Rogers, 45, Canadian Defence Minister (plane crash)

June 11, 1940 (Tuesday)

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  • Rommel's 7th Panzer Division reached Le Havre, then turned back to trap 46,000 British and French soldiers at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.[1]
  • The RAF bombed the El Adem airfield in Italian Libya. The Italians responded a few hours later by bombing Malta.[6]
  • The Siege of Malta began.
  • Italy severed relations with Norway.[12]
  • Australia, New Zealand and South Africa declared war on Italy.[12]
  • The French government moved to Tours.[12]
  • The Anglo-French Supreme War Council met at a chateau in Briare which General Maxime Weygand was using as a military headquarters. Weygand wanted Churchill to send the entire Royal Air Force to France, but Churchill disagreed, saying that if the Germans would divert their air power to the skies over Britain, the French Army would get a chance to regroup. Churchill expressed determination to fight on until all of France's territory was recovered, no matter how much of it fell to the Germans in the interim, and suggested that the French could resort to guerrilla warfare if the time came when traditional military operations were no longer possible. The French were not receptive to this proposal, alarmed at the prospect of Paris being reduced to ruins while the general outcome of the war remained unchanged. Churchill brought up the question of what the French Navy would do if the Army suspended fighting, but Paul Reynaud ended the meeting by stating that the French were as determined to continue fighting as the British were.[27]
  • Late in the day, Kleist's forces crossed the Marne at Château-Thierry.[28]
  • The RAF conducted an overnight raid on Turin and Genoa. Bombs intended for the Fiat headquarters and manufacturing plant in Turin missed their targets and killed 14 civilians near the city center, an event the Italians publicized as an act of terrorism.[29]
  • German submarine U-124 was commissioned.
  • Born: Gunnar Harding, poet, in Sundsvall, Sweden
  • Died: Alfred S. Alschuler, 63 or 64, American architect

June 12, 1940 (Wednesday)

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June 13, 1940 (Thursday)

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June 14, 1940 (Friday)

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June 15, 1940 (Saturday)

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June 16, 1940 (Sunday)

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  • Philippe Pétain became Prime Minister of France after Paul Reynaud resigned. Only one hour after becoming the head of government, Pétain asked his Foreign Minister Paul Baudouin to pass a note to the Spanish ambassador asking Spain to request "the conditions Chancellor Hitler would require to put a halt to military operations and sign an armistice."[23]
  • A dozen Breda Ba.88s of the Regia Aeronautica raided Corsica, but three were shot down by ground fire.[citation needed]
  • The Italian submarine Provana was forced to the surface and sunk by the French sloop La Curieuse.[6]
  • U.S. Congress authorized the sale of munitions to any republic in the Americas.[22]
  • Born: Carole Ann Ford, actress, in Britain; Neil Goldschmidt, businessman and 33rd Governor of Oregon, in Eugene, Oregon (d. 2024); Taylor Wang, Chinese-born American astronaut, in Jiangxi

June 17, 1940 (Monday)

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  • At 3:00 a.m., Pétain's request to open peace negotiations reached Hitler's headquarters near Sedan. Hitler's aides were unsure whether to wake Hitler up, but his valet eventually did so and gave him the cable. Hitler was not surprised and had been expecting such a message for several days.[23]
  • At 12:30 p.m. Pétain took to the radio to deliver his first message to the nation: "It is with a heavy heart that I say to you that fighting must cease."[37][38] However, fighting went on in some sectors.
  • Forces under the command of Heinz Guderian reached the Franco-Swiss border at Pontarlier.[6]
  • The Germans bombed a railway complex at Rennes that was crowded with both military personnel and refugees trying to escape the fighting. A munitions train exploded during the attack and a total of 800 people were killed.[39]
  • The troopship RMS Lancastria was sunk by German air attack off the port of Saint-Nazaire during Operation Aerial with over 4,000 fatalities. It is the greatest loss of life in the sinking of any British ship in history. Churchill ordered that news of the sinking be kept secret from the British public.[6]
  • Soviet troops occupy Latvia and Estonia.[40]
  • At 9:00 p.m. Benito Mussolini, Count Ciano and other functionaries boarded a train to go to Munich at Hitler's invitation.[23]
  • Born: George Akerlof, economist and Nobel laureate, in New Haven, Connecticut; Alan Murray, golfer, in Sydney, Australia (d. 2019)
  • Died: Arthur Harden, 74, British biochemist and Nobel laureate

June 18, 1940 (Tuesday)

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  • Hitler and Mussolini met in Munich to discuss the French armistice request. Mussolini hoped to present Hitler with a list of spoils that Italy wanted to get from the French, but was embarrassed when Hitler displayed no interest in discussing the matter at the time. Hitler also politely but firmly denied Mussolini's request to sit at the same table to sign the armistice with the French, leaving the Italians to seek out a separate one.[23]
  • Churchill made his Battle of Britain speech to the British House of Commons: "...the Battle of France is over. The Battle of Britain is about to begin... if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, This was their finest hour." He repeated the speech on BBC radio in the evening.
  • The Ministry of Information (United Kingdom) issued more than 14 million copies of an advisory leaflet If the Invader Comes,[41][42] written by Kenneth Clark with Harold Nicolson.[43]
  • The Germans captured Le Mans, Belfort, Metz and Dijon.[1]
  • The Battle of Saumur began.
  • Erwin Rommel's 7th Panzer Division entered Cherbourg at 4:30 p.m. but found that most of the Allied personnel had already evacuated.[1] Half an hour later Rommel visited the Port Admiral's office and accepted the city's surrender.[44]
  • The Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang ended in Japanese victory.
  • Appeal of 18 June: The BBC broadcast a speech by Charles de Gaulle. "Must we abandon all hope?," de Gaulle asked the French people. "Is our defeat final and irremediable? To those questions I answer - No! Speaking in full knowledge of the facts, I ask you to believe me when I say that the cause of France is not lost. The very factors that brought about our defeat may one day lead us to victory ... I, General de Gaulle, now in London, call on all French officers and men who are at present on British soil, or may be in the future, with or without their arms; I call on all engineers and skilled workmen from the armaments factories who are at present on British soil, or may be in the future, to get in touch with me. Whatever happens, the flame of French resistance must not and shall not die."[45]

June 19, 1940 (Wednesday)

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  • The Germans captured Lorient, but not in time to stop all the seaworthy ships in its port from being scuttled.[44]
  • The 5th Panzer Division captured Brest at 7 p.m.[46]
  • Charles de Gaulle broadcast again over the BBC. "Faced by the bewilderment of my countrymen, by the disintegration of a government in thrall to the enemy, by the fact that the institutions of my country are incapable, at the moment, of functioning, I, General de Gaulle, a French soldier and military leader, realise that I now speak for France," he said. "In the name of France, I make the following solemn declaration: It is the bounden duty of all Frenchmen who still bear arms to continue the struggle. For them to lay down their arms, to evacuate any position of military importance, or agree to hand over any part of French territory, however small, to enemy control, would be a crime against our country. For the moment I refer particularly to French North Africa - to the integrity of French North Africa."[45]
  • The British Jockey Club announced that there would be no more horse racing until further notice.[47]
  • President Roosevelt fired Harry Hines Woodring as Secretary of War for refusing a direct order to transfer a dozen B-17s to Britain. Woodring was offered the governorship of Puerto Rico as consolation, but he refused.[48][49]
  • Born: Paul Shane, comedian and actor, in Thrybergh, West Riding of Yorkshire, England (d. 2013); Ian Smith, actor, in Melbourne, Australia
  • Died: Maurice Jaubert, 40, French composer (died of wounds sustained in combat)

June 20, 1940 (Thursday)

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June 21, 1940 (Friday)

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June 22, 1940 (Saturday)

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  • The Armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed at 6:36 p.m. A German occupation zone was established in the north and west of France with the remainder left "free" to be governed by the French.
  • The Germans entered La Rochelle, but not before all the seaport's naval facilities were blown up.[44]
  • The Italian offensive reached the eastern approaches of Menton but was unable to advance any further.[citation needed]
  • De Gaulle made a third broadcast over the BBC. "Honour, common sense, and the interests of the country require that all free Frenchmen, wherever they be, should continue the fight as best they may," he declared. "It is therefore necessary to group the largest possible French force wherever this can be done. Everything which can be collected by way of French military elements and potentialities for armaments production must be organised wherever such elements exist. I, General de Gaulle, am undertaking this national task here in England. I call upon all French servicemen of the land, sea, and air forces; I call upon French engineers and skilled armaments workers who are on British soil, or have the means of getting here, to come and join me."[45]
  • Born:
  • Died: Walter Hasenclever, 49, German Expressionist poet and playwright (suicide); Monty Noble, 67, Australian cricketer

June 23, 1940 (Sunday)

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June 24, 1940 (Monday)

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June 25, 1940 (Tuesday)

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  • The Franco-Italian Armistice came into effect at 12:35 a.m.
  • Hitler addressed the German nation, praising the Wehrmacht for its victory and ordering that all flags be displayed for 10 days and that church bells be rung for a week.[55]
  • Operation Aerial ended, although it would go on unofficially until August 14.
  • Operation Collar ended in minor British success.
  • German troops were issued English phrase books in preparation for an invasion of Britain.[7]
  • Born: A. J. Quinnell, thriller novelist, in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England (d. 2005)

June 26, 1940 (Wednesday)

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June 27, 1940 (Thursday)

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June 28, 1940 (Friday)

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  • At 1:02 a.m. the Republican Party nominated Wendell Willkie of Indiana as its candidate for President of the United States.[57] A dark horse candidate with a background in business, Willkie had never held public office before but won the nomination because he was seen as a moderate whose views were the closest match to those of the electorate.[58]
  • Charles L. McNary of Oregon received the nomination for vice president at the Republican convention.[59]
  • Willkie made his acceptance speech before the Republican convention, declaring, "I stand before you without a single pledge or promise or understanding of any kind except for the advancement of your cause and the preservation of American democracy."[60]
  • The Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina began.
  • The Germans bombed the harbours of Saint Helier and La Roque on the island of Jersey and Saint Peter Port Harbour on Guernsey, killing a total of 42 people.[61]
  • President Roosevelt signed the Smith Act into law.
  • Born: Muhammad Yunus, social entrepreneur, banker, economist and Nobel laureate, in Chittagong, British India (present-day Bangladesh)
  • Died: Italo Balbo, 44, Italian aviator and Fascist leader (plane shot down by friendly fire)

June 29, 1940 (Saturday)

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  • British authorities arrested Diana Mitford, wife of fascist leader Oswald Mosley. The police had already arrested her husband under Defence Regulation 18B a month earlier, but they waited to arrest her as well since she had just given birth to their son Max.[62]
  • The Smith Act was enacted in the United States, setting criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government and requiring all non-citizen adult residents to be registered.
  • Born: Vyacheslav Artyomov, composer, in the Soviet Union
  • Died: Paul Klee, 60, Swiss-German painter

June 30, 1940 (Sunday)

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Chen, C. Peter. "Invasion of France and the Low Countries". World War II Database. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  2. ^ Foot, Richard (June 14, 2014). "Awe-inspiring Vimy memorial a reminder of soldiers' sacrifices". The Great War 1914–1918. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  3. ^ "Even Hitler saw beauty in Vimy memorial". canada.com. Postmedia News. April 3, 2007. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  4. ^ "The Battle of the Ports". ibiblio. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  5. ^ Cerutti, Joseph (June 3, 1940). "Four-Fifths of British Saved, Eden Asserts". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Davidson, Edward; Manning, Dale (1999). Chronology of World War Two. London: Cassell & Co. pp. 37–39. ISBN 0-304-35309-4.
  7. ^ a b c d Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 532. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  8. ^ a b Chen, Peter C. "Invasion of Denmark and Norway". World War II Database. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  9. ^ "Indict Schenck as Tax Dodger". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn. June 3, 1940. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Famous First Night Games". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  11. ^ Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan (2000). A War To Be Won: fighting the Second World War. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-674-04130-1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chronology and Index of the Second World War, 1938–1945. Research Publications. 1990. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-0-88736-568-3.
  13. ^ Wilson, James (2007). Propaganda Postcards of the Luftwaffe. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-84415-491-3.
  14. ^ "Today in Canadian History". Canada Channel. Retrieved December 11, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  15. ^ Mitcham, Samuel W. Jr. (2008). The Rise of the Wehrmacht: Vol. 1. Praeger Security International. p. 337. ISBN 978-0-275-99641-3.
  16. ^ International Law Reports. Cambridge: Grotius Publications. 1958. p. 947.
  17. ^ Garbarini, Alexandra (2011). Jewish Responses to Persecution: Volume II, 1938–1940. Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-0-7591-2039-6.
  18. ^ a b Mitcham, p. 338.
  19. ^ "The French Bomb Berlin: June 7-8, 1940". Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  20. ^ Pedersen, Erik (2021-02-26). "Ronald Pickup Dies: Actor In 'Best Exotic Marigold Hotel' Films, 'The Crown' & Dozens Of Other Shows Was 80". Deadline. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  21. ^ Mitcham, p. 339.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g "Chronology 1940". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  23. ^ a b c d e Corvaja, Santi (2008). Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York: Enigma Books. pp. 114–119. ISBN 978-1-929631-42-1.
  24. ^ Rue, Larry (June 11, 1940). "Angry Britons Smash Italian Shops, Cities". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  25. ^ Butler, Daniel Allen (2015). Field Marshal: The Life and Death of Erwin Rommel. Havertown, PA: Casemate Publishers. p. 563. ISBN 978-1-61200-297-2.
  26. ^ Dunn, Susan (2013). 1940: FDR, Willkie, Lindbergh, Hitler - the Election Amid the Storm. Yale University Press. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-0-300-19086-1.
  27. ^ Gates, Eleanor M. (1981). End of the Affair: The Collapse of the Anglo-French Alliance, 1939–40. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 172–175. ISBN 978-0-520-04292-6.
  28. ^ Castillo, Jasen (2014). Endurance and War: The National Sources of Military Cohesion. Stanford University Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-8047-8910-3.
  29. ^ Evans, A. A.; Gibbons, David (2012). The Illustrated Timeline of World War II. Rosen Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-4488-4795-2.
  30. ^ "51st Division Surrender at St Valery-en-Caux". World War II Today. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  31. ^ Mitcham, p. 341.
  32. ^ Rosbottom, Ronald C. (2014). When Paris Went Dark: The City of Light Under German Occupation, 1940–1944. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-21745-3.
  33. ^ "This Day in History: Germans enter Paris". History. A&E Networks. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  34. ^ "1940: German troops enter Paris". On This Day. BBC. 14 June 1940. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  35. ^ Jordan, John; Moulin, Jean (2013). French Cruisers: 1922–1956. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. pp. 183–184. ISBN 978-1-84832-133-5.
  36. ^ Wechsler, Bob (2008). Day by Day in Jewish Sports History. KTAV Publishing House. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-60280-013-7.
  37. ^ Bracher, Nathan (2010). After the Fall: War and Occupation in Irène Némirovsky's Suite Française. Catholic University of America Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-8132-1789-5.
  38. ^ Ernakoff, Ivan (2008). Ruling Oneself Out: A Theory of Collective Abdications. Duke University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8223-8872-2.
  39. ^ "Rennes, Brittany, France, Monday 17th June 1940. Luftwaffe attack on trains". BBC. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  40. ^ "The Soviet Occupation 1940–1941".
  41. ^ Cohen, Ronald I. (Summer 2018). "Preparing for an Invasion of Britain… In Writing". Finest Hour (181). International Churchill Society: 38. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  42. ^ "If the invader comes". Talking Humanities. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  43. ^ McKinstry, Leo (2014). Operation Sealion. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-1-84854-698-1.
  44. ^ a b c Mitcham, p. 344.
  45. ^ a b c "The flame of French resistance". The Guardian. April 29, 2007. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  46. ^ a b Mitcham, p. 345.
  47. ^ "1940". World War II Database. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  48. ^ Dunn, p. 97
  49. ^ Black, Conrad (2003). Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom. PublicAffairs. p. 560. ISBN 978-1-61039-213-6.
  50. ^ a b Moseley, Ray (1999). Mussolini's Shadow: The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano. Yale University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-300-07917-3.
  51. ^ "Paris - Historical Film Footage". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  52. ^ Burgwyn, H. James (2012). Mussolini Warlord: Failed Dreams of Empire, 1940–1943. New York: Enigma Books. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-936274-29-1.
  53. ^ "425 For Dewey Seen in 1st; Western Bloc Hits Willkie". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn. June 24, 1940. p. 1.
  54. ^ Draper, Alfred (1979). Operation Fish: The Fight to Save the Gold of Britain, France and Norway from the Nazis. Don Mills: General Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7736-0068-3.
  55. ^ Mitcham, p. 347.
  56. ^ Matanle, Ivor (1995). World War II. Colour Library Books Ltd. p. 50. ISBN 1-85833-333-4.
  57. ^ "M'Nary Slated for 2d Place; Delegates Wait Willkie Talk". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn. June 28, 1940. p. 1.
  58. ^ Dunn, p. 115–116.
  59. ^ Kinsley, Phillip (June 29, 1940). "Fight For National Unity! G. O. P. Told by Willkie". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  60. ^ "Willkie Addresses Convention: Promises 'Fighting Campaign'". Lawrence Daily Journal. Lawrence, Kansas: 1. June 28, 1940.
  61. ^ "German WWII bombing on Jersey commemorated". BBC. June 28, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  62. ^ Hamm, Jeffrey (2012). Action Replay. Black House Publishing. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-1-908476-93-7.
  63. ^ "Naval Events, June 1940 (Part 4 of 4)". naval-history.net. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
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