Wikipedia

KOCB

KOCB (channel 34) is an independent television station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25). The two stations share studios and transmitter facilities on East Wilshire Boulevard and 78th Street on the city's northeast side.

KOCB
Channels
BrandingKOCB
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
KOKH-TV
History
First air date
October 28, 1979
(44 years ago) (1979-10-28)
Former call signs
KGMC (1979–1990)
Former channel number(s)
Analog: 34 (UHF, 1979–2009)
  • Independent (1979–1995)
  • UPN (1995–1998)
  • The WB (1998–2006)
  • The CW (2006–2023)
Call sign meaning
"Oklahoma City Broadcasting"
Technical information[1]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID50170
ERP900 kW
HAAT457.6 m (1,501 ft)
Transmitter coordinates35°32′58.2″N 97°29′19.1″W / 35.549500°N 97.488639°W / 35.549500; -97.488639
Translator(s)see § Translators
Links
Public license information
Websitekocb.com

History

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Construction and early years

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In 1977, two groups filed before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for channel 34 in Oklahoma City. The first Rockford, Illinois–based General Media Corporation on January 24,[2] On April 12, a second application was filed by Oklahoma City Broadcasting, Inc., whose majority owner was Ted Baze, then manager of WPHL-TV.[3] General Media and Oklahoma City Broadcasting reached a settlement agreement, under which the former owned 80 percent of the combined group, and won the construction permit in March 1979.[4] The new station took the call sign KGMC[5] and built studios on NE 85th Street.[6]

After a series of technical difficulties,[7][8] KGMC began broadcasting on November 1, 1979.[9] Baze, a baseball fan, attempted to add KGMC to the Philadelphia Phillies television network, but after one game, he was denied; Major League Baseball ruled that Oklahoma City was outside the team's television territory, forcing him to substitute the Houston Astros[10] and later the Texas Rangers.[11]

KGMC formed part of an independent stations boom in Oklahoma City in 1979 and 1980. Oklahoma City had quickly gone from being the largest market with no independent to having three of them. KOKH-TV (channel 25) had relaunched as a commercial independent the month before, and KAUT debuted on channel 43 in October 1980.[12] As a result, the market was suddenly saturated in its boom years, and unlike in other Oklahoma industries, the number of stations did not decrease through the state's economic downturn.[13]

General Media Corporation began to liquidate its assets in late 1982.[14] That December,[15] Oklahoma City Broadcasting bought out General Media's share of channel 34 in a deal that valued KGMC at $7 million and was finalized in April 1983.[16] Four months later, Baze agreed to sell an 85-percent interest in the station to the Beverly Hills Hotel Corporation (owned by New York City financier Ivan Boesky) for $7 million,[17] a transaction the FCC approved in December 1983.[18]

The Boeskys, a buyout attempt, a bankruptcy, a bounty, and Baze

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In November 1986, Ivan Boesky agreed to pay a $100 million financial penalty for insider trading and stock fraud.[19]

On September 3, 1986, three months before he was sentenced to a three-year prison term on stock fraud and insider trading charges, Boesky transferred direct control of KGMC-TV to his wife, Seema Boesky. Investigations launched by the FCC and the Securities and Exchange Commission into the transfer and other potential improprieties concerning the Boeskys' ownership of KGMC revealed that the transfer was not disclosed until mid-December, that the Boeskys did not seek FCC approval of the transfer before its consummation, and that they had effective control of the license through a voting trust created two years before Ivan purchased the station that was never disclosed to the FCC. Seema—who blamed the issue on "too many layers of lawyers" being involved in the family's business interests—in requesting that the FCC withhold considering revocation of the license, proposed selling KGMC to a minority-owned group per the FCC's "distress sale" policy (which allowed stations at risk of losing their license to be purchased by a qualified minority buyer at a discount) in proposals seeking to dissolve Beverly Hills Hotel Corp.[20][21][22][23][24]

Financial troubles and stability

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Despite just barely ranking as a top-40 Nielsen market at the time, the Oklahoma City market did not have enough television-viewing households to support what were essentially three independent stations, nor was there a supply of programming on the syndication market that could sufficiently fill their respective schedules. By the late 1980s, channel 34 was suffering financially, having rarely turned a profit, and incurring debt on programming and operational expenses. In the summer of 1988, Visalia, California-based Pappas Telecasting Companies proposed a deal with Busse Broadcast Holdings (a trust company created independently of Gillett Holdings in the name of broadcasting executive George N. Gillett Jr.'s children) to purchase KOKH. KOCB's financial situation led it to get involved in the complex $30-million asset transfer proposal, in which Pappas would have acquired the programming inventories of both KGMC and KAUT (including channel 43's Fox affiliation rights) and integrate many of their acquired programs onto channel 25's schedule, solidifying KOKH's status as the market's dominant independent. Simultaneously, Seraphim Media would donate the license and certain intellectual assets of KGMC to the Oklahoma Educational Television Authority (OETA)—with the intent of converting it into a PBS member station—for $1 million, with Pappas acquiring equipment and property assets owned by the station for an additional $1 million. Heritage Media (through its Rollins Communications subsidiary) would sell KAUT to a religious broadcaster in turn, which would convert that station to a non-commercial religious format.

Governor Henry Bellmon voiced concerns with OETA's involvement in the transaction, suggesting that the purchase of a second Oklahoma City station would result in the authority, which had reported to the legislature that it had limited appropriations to adequately operate its existing state network as it stood, constantly requesting additional state funding.[25] On August 17, 1988, OETA submitted an FCC application to purchase KGMC, after—in advance of a fundraising deadline set for that date—Pappas offered to provide a $1 million contribution toward purchasing the station, contingent upon the company completing the KOKH purchase. OETA would restructure the plan after its board of directors voted against the KGMC proposal the following month.[26][27][28][29][30] On November 1, 1988, Cleveland, Ohio–based Maddox Broadcasting Corp. (an African American-owned group run by media executive Chesley Maddox) announced it would buy KGMC from General Media for $3.6 million, including certain intellectual assets that Pappas Telecasting would not acquire under the asset proposal (consisting of transmitter facilities, studio equipment and licenses) worth $2.6 million. Concurrently, Heritage Media announced it would sell KAUT to the OETA for $1 million (along with assets worth $7.75 million and a non-compete agreement worth $500.000). Pappas would also lease the KAUT transmitter facility to OETA for 25 years for an annual operating fee of $1, and contribute an additional $1 million should the acquisition have been completed.[31][32]

Per the plan, KGMC, under Maddox ownership, planned to carry between 15 and 18 hours of Home Shopping Network (HSN) programming (which, via its Home Shopping Spree broadcast service, was already airing as overnight filler programming on the station) and six hours of religious programs per day, along with some children's and barter-syndicated entertainment programs. Although OETA planned to fund the conversion of channel 43 partly through start-up grants (including a $75,000 award by KOCO-TV management), in a move that hamstrung its attempt to acquire KAUT, the Oklahoma Legislature incorporated stipulations into the bill appropriating OETA's funding for FY1990 that prohibited the use of state funds "for any operational or capital expense of the proposed second educational television channel in Oklahoma City" and from proposing any additional funding to finance the acquisition if it did not obtain sufficient funding from private sources.[32][33][34] In late January 1989, Busse management denied Pappas's request to extend the completion deadline for the purchase past its scheduled January 31 deadline. The entire transaction fell through on February 3, when Busse formally terminated the purchase agreement with Pappas. Just three days earlier, the FCC had also dismissed the respective transfer applications for KGMC and KAUT.[35][36][37] All three stations continued competing as entertainment-based independents until August 1991, when Heritage initiated a downscaled version of the aborted Pappas proposal, taking over the operations of KOKH and moving the Fox affiliation rights and many syndicated programs carried by KAUT—which Heritage donated to OETA, in turn resulting in its conversion into a PBS station—to channel 25.[38][33][39][40][41][42][32]

Whereas KOKH remained relatively profitable and KAUT had been experiencing a modest uptick in its ratings under its Fox affiliation, KGMC struggled mightily. On February 9, 1989, amid unsustainable debt totaling $9.168 million, Oklahoma City Broadcasting filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Separately, Baze sought to acquire control of the station's license and the controlling stock interest held by Boesky; the FCC granted approval of the transfer on January 5, 1990. In March 1991, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of Oklahoma approved Oklahoma City Broadcasting's reorganization plan, in which the company would pay most of its creditors in full with interest within 21 months of its signing.[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] On September 24, 1990, the station's call letters were changed to KOCB, in reference to parent licensee Oklahoma City Broadcasting; the base "OCB" letters were alternatively used for the station's promotional slogan, "Oklahoma City's Best", which it used from that point until January 1998.[52] (The KGMC call letters are now used by an Estrella TV-affiliated television station in Fresno, California.) During this time, KOCB adopted a very sophisticated on-air look for an independent station in a mid-sized market, using CGI graphics of near network-quality.[43]

On January 24, 1993, the station became a charter affiliate of the Prime Time Entertainment Network (PTEN), a syndication service operated as a joint venture between Time Warner and Chris-Craft/United Television. For most intents and purposes, however, KOCB formally remained an independent station, as PTEN never expanded its drama-centric programming schedule beyond its regular Wednesday night lineup. On September 18, 1993, Oklahoma City Broadcasting sold KOCB to Pittsburgh-based Superior Communications, Inc. (owned by broadcasting executives Albert M. Holtz and eventual Nexstar Media Group founder Perry A. Sook, the latter of whom also served as KOCB's president and general manager during Superior's stewardship of the station) for $11 million. The sale to Superior received FCC approval on October 15 of that year.[53][54][55][56][57]

Superior signed an agreement with Paramount Television and Chris-Craft/United Television on October 22, 1994, to have KOCB as Oklahoma City's charter affiliate for the United Paramount Network (UPN).[58][59] At launch, UPN only programmed on Monday and Tuesday nights.[60]

Sinclair ownership

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Sinclair Broadcast Group acquired Superior Communications' two stations, KOCB and WDKY-TV in Lexington, Kentucky, on March 4, 1996, for $63.5 million.[61][62][63]

On July 14, 1997, Sinclair announced KOCB, along with five other stations Sinclair either owned or controlled, would switch to The WB as part of a ten-year, $84 million agreement; the groupwide deal also extended the contracts of two existing Sinclair-owned WB affiliates.[64][65] Viacom, co-owner of UPN, filed injunctions in both Baltimore City Circuit Court and Los Angeles County Superior Court, arguing Sinclair struck the deal without notifying UPN in writing about the affiliation terminations,[66][67] but the Baltimore court ruled in favor of Sinclair on December 8, 1997, allowed the stations to begin switching to The WB starting on January 15, 1998.[68][69] KOCB became the market's first over-the-air affiliate of The WB on January 18, 1998; prior to this, WB programming was accessible via Superstation WGN.[70][71] This resulted in UPN programming being absent in the market until June 15, when Viacom-controlled Paramount Stations Group relaunched KTLC as UPN-owned KPSG.[72][73][74][a] Paramount agreed to purchase KTLC only two weeks before KOCB switched to The WB.[75]

Three days after Sullivan Broadcast Holdings finalized their purchase of KOKH, on February 4, 1998, Sinclair purchased KOKH for $60 million,[76] then purchased the entirety of Sullivan for $100 million.[77] With the transaction, Sullivan was retained as a separate entity for all Fox affiliates involved with the deal that Sinclair entered into time brokerage agreements with, resulting in KOKH becoming co-owned with KOCB.[78][79] The following month, Sinclair sold KOKH and the related operating agreement to Glencairn, Ltd., led by former Sinclair executive Edwin Edwards but otherwise controlled by Carolyn Smith—widow of Sinclair founder Julian Smith—and other members of the Smith family. Terms of the deal had Glencairn being paid by Sinclair stock as compensation, and Glencairn announced five of their stations would be sold directly to Sinclair.[80] Rainbow/PUSH, headed by Jesse Jackson, petitioned against the sales, arguing that Glencairn was being passed off as minority-owned (due to Edwards being African American) but acting as an arm of Sinclair.[81][82][83]

On November 17, 1999, Sinclair restructured the deal to acquire KOKH from Sullivan Broadcasting directly as part of a $53.2 million cash and debt forgiveness acquisition involving four other stations, along with acquiring five Glencairn stations, in an all-stock purchase worth $8 million.[84][85][86] The Glencairn transaction was dismissed by the FCC per Sinclair's request on July 23, 2001; the sale of the Sullivan stations to Sinclair was approved by FCC on December 10 and was finalized on December 14, resulting in KOKH and KOCB becoming the Oklahoma City market's first legal television duopoly. Although it voted to approve the Sullivan purchase, the FCC issued a $40,000 fine against Sinclair on grounds it controlled Glencairn in violation of the agency's local ownership rules.[87][88] However, as noted in a 2003 ruling on the matter by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, the issue involving KOKH was rendered somewhat moot, as on August 5, 1999, the FCC began allowing broadcasters the ability to form duopolies between television stations, provided that eight independent owners remain in a market once a duopoly is formed and one of the properties does not rank among the market's four highest-rated stations.[87][89][88] However, as noted in a 2003 ruling on the matter by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, the issue involving KOKH was rendered somewhat moot, as on August 5, 1999, the FCC began allowing broadcasters the ability to form duopolies between television stations, provided that eight independent owners remain once a duopoly is formed and only one of the stations ranks among the four highest-rated in the market. Channel 34 subsequently vacated its original Northeast 85th Street facility, and relocated its operations one mile (1.6 km) south-southwest to KOKH's studio on East Wilshire Boulevard and Northeast 78th Street.

 
Former logo as a CW affiliate

After UPN parent CBS Corporation and The WB parent Time Warner agreed to launch The CW in place of both networks,[90][91] KOCB was announced as the market's charter affiliate on May 2, 2006.[92][93] KAUT was erroneously mentioned as one of several CBS-owned UPN affiliates slated to join The CW at launch; as the station was already in the process of being sold to The New York Times Company, their inclusion was retracted[94][95][96] and KAUT signed up with MyNetworkTV instead.[97][98][99]

KOCB's analog signal was shut down on February 17, 2009, as part of the transition from analog to digital television; the station's digital signal remained on pre-transition UHF channel 33, utilizing virtual channel 34.[100]

During Sinclair's attempted purchase of Tribune Media, by then the owner of KFOR and KAUT,[101] Sinclair intended to retain KFOR and KOCB, divest KOKH to Standard Media and sell KAUT to Howard Stirk Holdings;[102] this and all related transactions were nullified in July 2018 after increased scrutiny by the FCC of the original deal, which Tribune terminated.[103]

As part of a larger groupwide affiliation deal reached between The CW and Sinclair, KOCB reverted to independent status on September 1, 2023, with the CW affiliation transferred to KAUT.[104]

Programming

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Sports programming

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From 1992 to 2000, KOCB served as the broadcast home for the Oklahoma Sooners and Oklahoma State Cowboys under respective agreements with the University of Oklahoma's Sooner Sports Network and Oklahoma State University's Cowboys Sports Network syndication services; the station typically broadcast between five and eight Sooners, Cowboys and Cowgirls regular season basketball games each annually during the run of the contract, as well as various magazine and analysis programs involving the two universities' football and basketball teams.

From 1991 to 1994 and from 1995 to 1997, KOCB was an affiliate of the Texas Rangers' over-the-air television network, and carried Kansas City Royals games during the 1993 season.[105][106]

From 1998 to 2014, the station also aired college basketball games from the Big 12 Conference that were syndicated by ESPN Plus; KOCB aired between ten and twelve regular season games each year as well as games from the first three rounds of the Big 12 men's basketball tournament, with most college basketball telecasts airing on Saturday afternoons with occasional weeknight prime time games.

From 2001 to 2019, KOCB held the local broadcast rights to Dallas Cowboys preseason games, carrying roughly between three and five prime time game telecasts annually.[107]

In August 2014, KOCB became a charter outlet of the American Sports Network, a Sinclair-owned ad hoc syndication service that mainly carries college sports events.[108]

Lottery

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On November 10, 2005, KOCB and KOKH became the flagship stations for the Oklahoma Lottery, which held its televised Pick 3 and Cash 5 evening drawings at the duopoly's Wilshire Boulevard studios during the run of the duopoly's contract with the Oklahoma Lottery Commission. The drawings—which were simulcast on KOCB—aired nightly at 9:20 p.m. on both stations; channel 25 aired them on tape delay on nights when the prime time newscast was delayed due to Fox Sports event overruns.[109][110][111][112] Reductions to the Oklahoma Lottery Commission's budget would result in the televised draws being replaced with drawings conducted via random number generator at the Oklahoma Lottery offices in July 2009. From when Oklahoma became a participant in the multi-state drawing in January 2006 until the stations stopped carrying all lottery results in 2013, KOKH/KOCB also aired live Powerball drawings each Wednesday and Saturday evening (live drawings for Mega Millions—of which Oklahoma became a participant in January 2011—were only available in the Oklahoma City market through WGN America, which discontinued national carriage of the live Powerball and Mega Millions drawings in 2013).

Subchannels

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The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of KOCB[113]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
34.1 720p 16:9 KOCB Main KOCB programming
34.2 480i TBD TBD
34.3 Comet Comet
34.4 Dabl Dabl
43.4 480i 4:3 COZI-TV Cozi TV (KAUT-DT4)
  Broadcast on behalf of another station

Translators

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KOCB extends its over-the-air coverage area through the following translators:

Notes

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  1. ^ Renamed back to KAUT-TV on December 12, 1998.
  2. ^ a b c Although it relays programming from KOCB, this translator is owned by Nexstar Media Group, owner of KFOR-TV and KAUT-TV.

References

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  1. ^ "Facility Technical Data for KOCB". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  2. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 14, 1977. p. 107. ProQuest 1014675741. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
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  4. ^ Vahlberg, Vivian (March 20, 1979). "New UHF Television Station Slated in City". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 8. Retrieved July 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
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