Kabua is a surname of Marshallese origin. It may refer to:
- Amata Kabua (1928–1996), first president of the Marshall Islands
- Amatlain Elizabeth Kabua (born 1951), Marshallese diplomat and politician
- David Kabua (born 1951), eighth and current president of the Marshall Islands
- Emlain Kabua (1928–2023), former first lady of the Marshall Islands
- Imata Kabua (1943–2019), second president of the Marshall Islands
- Kabua the Great (died 1910), an Iroijlaplap of the Ralik chain of the Marshall Islands
- Kitlang Kabua (born 1991), Marshallese politician