Kalashnik is a Russian and occupational surname, meaning "maker of kalaches". A man who made kalaches was called a калачник (kalachnik), which sometimes by sandhi effect became калашник (kalashnik). The Ukrainian-language version is Kalashnyk. Other English-spelling variants include Kalachnik, Kalachnyk, Kalačnik, Kalašnik, Kalasnik or Kolashnik, Kolachnik, Kolashnyk, Kolachnyk, Kolačnik, Kolašnik, Kolasnik.

It may refer to the following persons:

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