The Angke River (Indonesian: Kali Angke or Sungai Angke, Chinese: 紅溪; pinyin: Hóng xī; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Âng-khe) is a 91.25-kilometre (56.70 mi) long river in Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from the Bogor area of West Java,[2] passing through the cities of Tangerang (Banten) and Jakarta into the Java Sea[3] via the Cengkareng Drain.[4] The river is connected with the Cisadane River by the Mookervaart Canal.
| Angke River Cikeumeuh | |
|---|---|
 Angke River ("K. Angke"), upper left in the map of rivers and canals of Jakarta (2012) | |
 | |
| Native name |
|
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| State | Jakarta |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Bogor |
| Mouth | Cengkareng Drain, Java Sea |
• coordinates | 6°07′28″S 106°46′29″E / 6.124396°S 106.774703°E |
• elevation | 1 m (3 ft 3 in) |
| Length | 91.25 km (56.70 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Maja River[1] |
Etymology
editThe river may be named after Prince Tubagus Angke, from the Banten Sultanate, who was the ruler of Jayakarta in the 16th century. Another theory is that the name refers to the 1740 Batavia massacre in which 10,000 ethnic Chinese residents of the city were massacred by the Dutch East India Company with many bodies dumped in the river. Ang means "red" in Hokkien, which could refer to the bloody event.[5]
Hydrology
editThe main river has a length of 91.25 kilometres (56.70 mi), with a watershed area (Indonesian: Daerah Pengaliran Sungai) of 480 km².[4] The average daily rainfall is 132 mm, with the peak debit at 290 m³.[4] The river never dries throughout the year, because it connects directly to a constant source at the districts of Menteng and Cilendek Timur in the city of Bogor, East Java. From there it flows through the territory of South Tangerang, Tangerang, Jakarta, and drains to the Java Sea in the village of Muara Angke (literally: "(river) mouth of Angke"), Penjaringan, West Jakarta. In rainy seasons, the river annually causes local floods, usually in the districts of Pinang, Cipondoh, Ciledug (all in Tangerang), Joglo, Kembangan, Rawa Buaya, Duri Kosambi and Cengkareng (all in West Jakarta).[6][7][8]
Geography
editThe river flows in the northwest area of Java with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[9] The annual average temperature in the area is 27 °C. The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is May, at 26 °C.[10] The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm of rainfall.[11]
Historic place
edit
Fort Anké was built by the Dutch East India Company in 1657[12] at the intersection of the Mookervaart channel and Angke River.[13] Historical names for the fort include Anckee, Anke, and Ankee.[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Simanjuntak, T. P. Moan (16 July 2014). "Maja River in Pegadungan Strewn with Water Hyacinth and Mud". Berita Resmi Pemprov. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ Kali Angke in West Java
- ^ Mouth of Kali Angke to Java Sea - Geonames.org
- ^ a b c BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane. Pengendalian Banjir dan Perbaikan Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane (PBPS CC). Archived in Konservasi DAS Ciliwung - April 2012.
- ^ (in Indonesian) Horde, G. dkk. 2012. "Sejarah Kawasan Angke Di Batavia" Archived 2019-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. Article in Budaya Tionghoa dated 20 March 2012. Accessed 03 May 2017.
- ^ Poskota: Kali Angke Meluap, Ciledug Indah Kebanjiran Archived 2017-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. Berita Jumat, 23 Januari 2015 - 13:59 WIB
- ^ Tribun News: Banjir di Kota Tangerang Disebabkan Kali Angke Meluap. Berita Senin, 14 November 2016 - 12:25 WIB
- ^ Okezone: Waduh! Rawa Buaya dan Duri Kosambi Terendam Banjir. Berita Kamis, 23 Maret 2017 - 09:39 WIB
- ^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
- ^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
- ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
- ^ "Angke, Fort" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ "Vijfhoek Redoute". Jakarta Encyclopedia. Department of Communication, Informatics and Public Relations of Jakarta Capital City. 1995–2012. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
- ^ "Anckee". Atlas of Mutual Heritage. AMH. 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.