The Kalnik (Bulgarian: Калник) is a 41 km-long river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the river Vit, itself a right tributary of the Danube.[1]
| Kalnik | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Mikrene Heights |
| • coordinates | 42°59′30.84″N 24°34′39″E / 42.9919000°N 24.57750°E |
| • elevation | 667 m (2,188 ft) |
| Mouth | |
• location | Vit |
• coordinates | 43°3′48.96″N 24°15′27″E / 43.0636000°N 24.25750°E |
• elevation | 250 m (820 ft) |
| Length | 41 km (25 mi) |
| Basin size | 263 km2 (102 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Vit→ Danube→ Black Sea |
Geography
edit
The Kalnik takes its source from the Tolev Spring at an altitude of 677 m, on the southern foothills of the Mikrene Heights of the fore-Balkan, some 1.5 km north of the village of Borima. Throughout its whole course the river flows westwards with a slight deviation to the north in a wide valley between the Mikrene Heights to the north and the Vasilyovska Mountain to the south. It flows into the Vit at an altitude of 250 m at the Boaza locality, south village of Peshterna.[1]
Its drainage basin covers a territory of 263 km2 or 8.2% of the Vit's total.[1]
The Kalnik has rain, snow and karst spring feed with high water in April–June and low water in July–October. The average annual discharge is 0.96 m3/s.[1]
Settlements and economy
editThe river flows entirely in Lovech Province. There are three villages along its course: Staro Selo in Troyan Municipality, Vasilkova Mahala in Slavshtitsa, Ugarchin Municipality and Balgarski Izvor in Teteven Municipality. Its waters are utilized for irrigation. The Sopot Reservoir with a volume of 61.8 million m3 is located in its upper course.[1]
There are two roads of the national network though the Kalnik valley, a 12.3 km stretch of the first class I-4 road Yablanitsa–Veliko Tarnovo–Varna between Boaza and the village of Sopot, Lovech Province, and a 16 km section of the third class III-402 road Sopot–Troyan between Sopot and Staro Selo.[2]
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, p. 233
- ^ "A Map of the Republican Road Network of Bulgaria". Official Site of the Road Infrastructure Agency. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
References
edit- Мичев (Michev), Николай (Nikolay); Михайлов (Mihaylov), Цветко (Tsvetko); Вапцаров (Vaptsarov), Иван (Ivan); Кираджиев (Kiradzhiev), Светлин (Svetlin) (1980). Географски речник на България [Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria] (in Bulgarian). София (Sofia): Наука и култура (Nauka i kultura).