Garadjari (Karajarri, many other spellings; see below) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Karajarri people. The language is a member of the Marrngu subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan family. It is spoken along the coast of northwestern Australia.
| Garadjari | |
|---|---|
| Karajarri | |
| Region | Western Australia |
| Ethnicity | Karajarri |
Native speakers | 41 (2016 census)[1] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gbd |
| Glottolog | kara1476 |
| AIATSIS[2] | A64 |
| ELP | Karajarri |
Name
editThe name has many spelling variants, including:
- Garadjari (used by A Grammar of Garadjari)
- Garadjiri
- Garadyari
- Garadyaria
- Gard'are
- Karadjeri (used by Ethnologue)
- Karajarri (used by the Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal languages and is the spelling selected by the Karajarri people for their native title claims[3][4])
- Karatjarri (used by Australian Languages)
- Karatyarri
- Karrajarra
- Karrajarri
Kurajarra / Guradjara is sometimes confused with Garadjari, but it appears to have been a separate language.[2]
Phoneme inventory
editGaradjari's phoneme inventory is typical of Australian languages, and is identical to the inventories of the other Marrngu languages. There are 17 consonant phonemes.
| Peripheral | Apical | Laminal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Velar | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | |
| Obstruents | p | k | t | ʈ | ɟ |
| Nasals | m | ŋ | n | ɳ | ɲ |
| Laterals | l | ɭ | ʎ | ||
| Rhotics | ɾ | ɻ | |||
| Approximants | w | j | |||
Also typical of Australian languages, there are only three vowel phonemes.
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Low | a | |
References
edit- Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521473780.
- Johnson, Edward (1992). Karajarri sketch grammar. University of Sydney.
- Sands, Anna Kristina (1989). A Grammar of Garadjari, Western Australia.
- Thieberger, Nicholas (1993). Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal languages South of the Kimberley Region. Pacific Linguistics.
Notes
edit- ^ ABS. "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)". stat.data.abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ a b A64 Garadjari at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ "Native title determination summary - Karajarri People (Area A) - Search determinations - National Native Title Tribunal". Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ "Native title determination summary - Karajarri People (Area B) - Search determinations - National Native Title Tribunal". Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
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