Karala Janaka ( Sanskrit: कराला जनक ) was one of the kings during the periods of Janaka Dynasty in the kingdom of Mithila. Most of scholars has accepted King Karala Janaka as the last King in the Janaka Dynasty of the Mithila Kingdom.[1] According to the available literary texts related to Mithila, it is evident that there may be two different kings with the same name Karala Janaka in different periods of time in the ancient Mithila Kingdom. The one which is mentioned in Shanti Parva of Mahabharata[2] and the other as the last King in the Janaka lineage mentioned in the Arthshastra of Chanakya.[3]
| Karala Janaka | |
|---|---|
| King Karala Janaka | |
| Born | Mithila region |
| Dynasty | Janaka Dynasty |
| Religion | Sanatana Hinduism |
Description in Mahabharata
editIn the Shanti Parva of Mahābhārata, there is a philosophical dialogue between Guru Vashishtha and King Karala Janaka known as Vashishtha Karala Janaka Samvad.[4][5] The dialogue is about the teaching of Shamkhya philosophy to the king Karala Janaka by the Vedic sage Brahmarshi Vashishtha. It describes the Twenty five tattvas. These tattvas are described with slight difference from the Sāṃkhya philosophy. Shanti Parva describes twenty five tattvas in five Sargas called Vidya Sarga, Avidya Sarga, Bhutasarga, Vaikrtasarga and Bhautika Sarga.[6]
Concept of Purusha and Prakriti
editOnce King Karala Janaka was confused in understanding the meaning of Purusha and Prakriti in Shamkhya philosophy. He mistakenly understood "Purusha" as man ( male gender ) and "Prakriti" as woman ( female gender ). He told Guru Vashishtha that the relationship between Purusha and Prakriti is same as the reproductive relation between male and female. Male and female of all the creatures unite to reproduce. He further said that father contributes bone, sinews and marrow, and mother contributes blood, skin and flesh to their children. But this was a false analogy. Then Guru Vashishtha replied to the king that you had understood the superficial meaning of the texts not the real meaning. He further clarified the real meaning of the texts. He told that all the parts of the body including skin, blood, flesh, bones, and sinews etc come from Prakriti not from Purusha.[citation needed]
Guru Vashishtha further quoted "Matter can arise from matter only not from spirit. But Prakriti itself is sexless and genderless, though the things that arise from it acquire sex and gender".[7]
Description as last King in Janaka Dynasty
editIt is said that Mithila was ruled by the Janakas for more than five centuries and the last king of the Janaka dynasty was Karala Janaka, who was overthrown along with his kingdom and family through a popular uprising and died.[1]
Death of Karala Janaka
editKing Karala Janaka, who was on a pilgrimage to Yogeshwara, saw the crowd of people with curiosity, there he saw a young and beautiful wife of a Brahmin and being lustful he forcibly took her into the city. Then the Brahmin became angry and went into the city crying and cursed "Why does the city not break down where such an evil soul resides?" It is said that because of his curse the earth cracked there and consequently the king along with his entire family got buried in it. This story is mentioned in Arthshastra and Buddhacharitra.[8][9]
After the Death of Karala Janaka
editAfter the death of Karala Janaka, Mithila became a republic and a constituent part of the Vajjian confederacy, which was later destroyed by King Ajatashatru of Magadha. But according some scholars, Mithila remained monarchy even after the end of Janaka Dynasty.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b Kumar, Dharmendra (1999). "MITHILA AFTER THE JANAKAS (A Critical Appraisal of the Nature of State)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 60: 51–59. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44144072.
- ^ Vanita, Ruth (31 December 2021). The Dharma of Justice in the Sanskrit Epics: Debates on Gender, Varna, and Species. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-267601-6.
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (25 October 2023). "Vasiṣṭha Karāla Janaka Saṃvāda". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ Misra, Munindra (9 November 2022). Vyas Gita: In English Rhyme. Munindra Misra.
- ^ Debroy, Bibek (24 January 2022). Brahma Purana Volume 2. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-91149-78-9.
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (25 October 2023). "The Nature of Sāṃkhya thoughts". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ Vanita, Ruth (31 December 2021). The Dharma of Justice in the Sanskrit Epics: Debates on Gender, Varna, and Species. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-267601-6.
- ^ a b "mithila-after-janakas directory listing". archive.org. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ Kautalya; Kangle, R. P. (1997). The Kautilīya Arthaśāstra: Sanskrit text with a glosary. Pt. 1. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-0042-7.