A Karzer was a designated lock-up or detention room to incarcerate students as a punishment, within the jurisdiction of some institutions of learning in Germany and German-language universities abroad. The American writer Mark Twain wrote about the karzer in Heidelberg in his book, A Tramp Abroad (1880).[1]
Karzers existed both at universities and at gymnasiums (similar to a grammar school) in Germany until the beginning of the 20th century. Marburg's last Karzer inmate, for example, was registered as late as 1931.[2]
Responsible for the administration of the Karzer was the so-called Pedell (English: bedel), or during later times Karzerwärter (a warden). While Karzer arrest was originally a severe punishment, the respect for this punishment diminished with time, particularly in the 19th century, as it paradoxically became a badge of honour of sorts to have been incarcerated at least once during one's time at university. At the end of the 19th century, as the students in the cell became responsible for their own food and drink and the receiving of visitors became permitted, the "punishment" would often turn into a social occasion with excessive consumption of alcohol.
Karzers have been preserved at the universities of Heidelberg,[3] Jena, Bonn[4],Marburg, Freiburg, Tübingen, Freiberg, [5] Greifswald, Göttingen,[6] Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg in Erlangen, and at Tartu, Estonia. The Karzer in Göttingen was known, after the Pedell Brühbach, as Hotel de Brühbach; it was moved in the 19th century, because of the extension of the university library, to the Aula building; a cell door, preserved from the old Karzer, shows graffiti by Otto von Bismarck. Bearing witness to how the students spent the time in the cell are the many memorable wall, table and door graffiti left by students in the cells and today shown as tourist attractions in the older German universities.[7]
Wartime use
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At the start of World War I, Canadian philosophy student Winthrop Pickard Bell, who was attending Gottengen to study under Edmund Husserl, was detained for several months as potential belligerant. He would spend most of the war at Ruhleben internment camp.[8]
References
edit- ^ Mark Twain, A Tramp Abroad. (With reference to the Karzer at Heidelberg University)
- ^ Bickert, Hans Günther / Nail, Norbert: Marburger Karzer-Buch. Kleine Kulturgeschichte des Universitätsgefängnisses. Dritte, neu bearbeitete und vermehrte Auflage. Marburg 2013
- ^ "STUDENT DETENTION CENTER". University of Heidelberg. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ http://www.bonner-rechtsjournal.de/fileadmin/pdf/Artikel/2010_02/BRJ_260_2010_Bernoth.pdf Karzer of the University of Bonn
- ^ http://www.tu-freiberg.de/ Freiberg School of Mines
- ^ Mooney, Carolyn J.: Notes from Academe: Germany. Slammer or Shrine? How German Students Left Their Mark on the Walls of a Campus Prison. In: The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 1, 1996, A 55. [Göttingen].
- ^ Hahne, Gert: Der Karzer: Bier! Unschuld! Rache! Der Göttinger Universitätskarzer und seine Geschichte(n). Göttingen 2005.
- ^ Fraser, Elizabeth (4 June 2019). "Canada's unsung hero: Academic turned spy foresaw WW II, says UNB scholar". CBC News. CBC. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
External links
edit- The Karzer of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Karzer of Technische Universität Freiberg
- The Karzer of the University of Göttingen
- The Karzer of Ernst-Moritz-Arndt- Universität Greifswald
- The Karzer of the University of Heidelberg
- The Karzer of the University of Jena[permanent dead link]
- The former Karzer of the University of Leipzig
- The Karzer of Philipps-Universität Marburg
- German Text: The Karzer of Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- The Karzer of the University of Tübingen
- The Karzer of the 'Evangelisches Stift' Tübingen Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
- The Karzer of the University of Tartu (Estonia)
- Karzer of the former Polytechnicum Riga (Latvia)
The final two lock-ups had been established in the manner and tradition of German campus prisons.
