Katharina "Käthe" Paulus (22 December 1868 – 26 July 1935)[1] was a German exhibition parachute jumper and the inventor of the first collapsible parachute.[2] At the time, 1910, the parachute was named "rescue apparatus for aeronauts".[3] The previous parachutes were not able to fit in a case like apparatus worn on the back,[4] thus Paulus' invention became of paramount importance for the Germans in the First World War and she produced about 7,000 parachutes for the German forces.[5] During the First World War, Paulus created approximately 125 parachutes a week. She was also credited with inventing the "drag 'chute", an intentional breakaway system where one small parachute opens to pull out the main parachute.[6]
Käthe Paulus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 22 December 1868 |
| Died | 26 July 1935 (aged 66) |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Inventor of collapsable parachute, aerial acrobatics performer |
Paulus was an avid aeronaut herself and logged over 510 balloon flights and over 165 parachute jumps in her lifetime. She was the first German to be a professional air pilot[7] and the first German woman aerial acrobat.[8]
Despite the fact that hot air balloons are currently known as a sort of tourist attraction, during the final decades of the 19th century these hot air balloons were on the cutting edge of technology, and were popular before the invention of airplane.[9]
Life
editPaulus was born in Zellhausen, today part of Mainhausen, near Frankfurt, Germany, into a working-class family. Her father worked as a day laborer and died when she was nineteen years old.[10] After his death, Paulus picked up her mother's trade of seamstressing to help support the family. At 21, she met Hermann Lattemann, a well-known balloonist, and began working as his assistant to repair the balloons with her skills as a seamstress. Paulus and Lattemann begun to develop their professional and personal relationship, until Paulus began to parachute herself, and the two eventually were married. They had a son, Willy Hermann Paulus, who later died of diphtheria. In 1895, the couple were on a joint jump when Lattlemann's parachute failed to deploy. Paulus watched him fall to his death.[11]
While grieving the death of her husband, Paulus stayed in bed for months. During this time, thousands of admirers mailed letters of support to her to request she continue her career of being a ballooner. She then bought four new parachutes and set off on a tour of Europe using the stage name Miss Polly. She performed theatrically, using acrobatic feats and even riding a bicycle suspending from a hot air balloon's basket. Paulus became an international success.[12]
Paulus completed her last balloon jump at age 63 on August 5, 1931.[13]
Death
editPaulus died at the age of 66 and is buried in a cemetery in Reinickendorf.
Honors
edit- In 2006, a street in Berlin was named after Paulus titled "The Katharina-Paulus-Straße". It was formerly titled Lehrter station. It is located between Europaplatz in the north and Old Moabit in the south.[14]
- A street is named in her honor in Frankfurt-Bockenheim
- Paulus was the first German woman to parachute out of a hot air balloon.
- In 1917, Paulus received a Service Cross of Merit after twenty balloon German troops parachuted to safety.[15]
- Paulus will be inducted into the International Skydiving Hall of Fame in September 2024[16]
References
edit- ^ "Love, Parachutes, and Käthchen Paulus". Footnoting History. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "Germany's Female Inventors". Deutsche Welle. 8 March 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- "History of the sport". British Parachute Association. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018. - ^ "The Parachute timeline". Timetoast. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- Hildebrandt, Alfred (1908). Airships Past and Present. Translated by Story, W H. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. pp. 17, 148–9. - ^ Footer, Mark (22 January 2006). "FYI: Who invented the parachute and who did the first test?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "EARLY PARACHUTES". South African Military History Society. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- Sweeting, C. G. (3 April 2015). United States Army Aviators' Equipment, 1917-1945. McFarland. ISBN 9780786497379. - ^ Meyer, Jan. "Historical Review". Parachute History. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- Meyer, Jan. "Katchen Paulus". Parachute History. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- "Lady". Megax. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018. - ^ "Five noteworthy inventions created by women". Omega Watches. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "Käthe Paulus". Berlin Brandenburg Airport. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- "P - Who's Who of Ballooning". Ballooning History. Retrieved 27 July 2018. - ^ Pike, John. "Parachute - History". Global Security. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "Straßennamen Katharina Paulus". Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Berlin Mitte (in German). Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- Buhl, Marius (19 December 2018). "Deutschlands erste Fallschirmspringerin - Wie Käthe Paulus zur internationalen Sensation wurde". Tagesspiegel (in German). Retrieved 4 July 2021. - ^ "EARLY PARACHUTES". South African Military History Society. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "Käthe Paulus – acrobat of the air in the service of the armament industries". University of Stuttgart. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- "Famous Female Skydiver Tiny Broadwick". Long Island Skydiving Center. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018. - ^ David, Shayler; Moule, Ian A. (2006). Women in Space - Following Valentina. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781846280788.
- ^ "Straßennamen Katharina Paulus". Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Berlin Mitte (in German). Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "1903 Early Balloon Postcard Kathe 'Katchen' Paulus". Just Collecting. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "Hall of Fame Inductees". July 2024.