Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra,[a] also known as Khantia-Mansia (Russian: Хантия-Мансия), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census.[4] Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk.
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra | |
|---|---|
| Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Khanty | Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ |
| • Mansi | Ханты-Мансийский Aвтономный Oкруг |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
| Anthem: Anthem of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | |
_-_Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Okrug_(Crimea_disputed).svg) | |
| Coordinates: 62°15′N 70°10′E / 62.250°N 70.167°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal district | Urals[1] |
| Economic region | West Siberian[2] |
| Administrative center | Khanty-Mansiysk |
| Government | |
| • Body | Duma |
| • Governor | Ruslan Kukharuk |
| Area | |
| • Total | 534,801 km2 (206,488 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 9th |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,711,480 |
| • Rank | 27th |
| • Density | 3.2/km2 (8.3/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 92.0% |
| • Rural | 8.0% |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2  [5]) |
| ISO 3166 code | RU-KHM |
| License plates | 86, 186 |
| OKTMO ID | 71800000 |
| Official languages | Russian[6] |
| Recognised languages | Khanty • Mansi[citation needed] |
| Website | http://www.admhmao.ru/ |
The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples, but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi, are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.
In 2012, the majority (51%)[7] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.
History
editThe okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.[8]
Geography
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The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.
Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan. There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto, Tormemtor, Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman, among others.[9]
The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Administrative divisions
editDemographics
editPopulation: 1,674,676 (2020);[10] 1,532,243 (2010 Census);[4] 1,432,817 (2002 Census);[11] 1,268,439 (1989 Soviet census).[12]
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km2, but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.
Settlements
editLargest cities or towns in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
2010 Russian Census | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Administrative Division | Pop. | |||||||
 Surgut  Nizhnevartovsk |
1 | Surgut | City of okrug significance of Surgut | 380,632 | |||||
| 2 | Nizhnevartovsk | City of okrug significance of Nizhnevartovsk | 277,668 | ||||||
| 3 | Nefteyugansk | City of okrug significance of Nefteyugansk | 127,255 | ||||||
| 4 | Khanty-Mansiysk | Town of okrug significance of Khanty-Mansiysk | 101,466 | ||||||
| 5 | Kogalym | Town of okrug significance of Kogalym | 67,727 | ||||||
| 6 | Nyagan | Town of okrug significance of Nyagan | 58,565 | ||||||
| 7 | Megion | Town of okrug significance of Megion | 46,643 | ||||||
| 8 | Langepas | Town of okrug significance of Langepas | 44,646 | ||||||
| 9 | Raduzhny | Town of okrug significance of Raduzhny | 43,666 | ||||||
| 10 | Pyt-Yakh | Town of okrug significance of Pyt-Yakh | 39,570 | ||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1939 | 92,932 | — |
| 1959 | 123,926 | +33.4% |
| 1970 | 271,157 | +118.8% |
| 1979 | 569,139 | +109.9% |
| 1989 | 1,268,439 | +122.9% |
| 2002 | 1,432,817 | +13.0% |
| 2010 | 1,532,243 | +6.9% |
| 2021 | 1,711,480 | +11.7% |
| Source: Census data | ||
Ethnic groups
editThe Indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, Komi, and Nenets) is only 2.8% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:
Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug:[13]
| Ethnic Group | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Russian | 888,660 | 70.3% |
| Tatar | 79,727 | 6.3% |
| Ukrainian | 41,596 | 3.3% |
| Bashkir | 29,717 | 2.4% |
| Tajik | 21,791 | 1.7% |
| Azeri | 21,259 | 1.7% |
| Khanty | 19,568 | 1.5% |
| Lezgin | 15,268 | 1.2% |
| Kumyk | 13,669 | 1.1% |
| Uzbek | 12,361 | 1.0% |
| Mansi | 11,065 | 0.9% |
| Nogai | 9,990 | 0.8% |
| Chuvash | 7,786 | 0.6% |
| Chechen | 7,085 | 0.6% |
| Belarusian | 6,156 | 0.5% |
| Kyrgyz | 5,562 | 0.4% |
| Moldovan | 5,297 | 0.4% |
| Other | 48,194 | 3.8% |
Historical population figures are shown below:
| Ethnic group |
1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census1 | 2021 Census | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Khanty | 12,238 | 13.1% | 11,435 | 9.2% | 12,222 | 4.5% | 11,219 | 2.0% | 11,892 | 0.9% | 17,128 | 1.2% | 19,068 | 1.3% | 19,568 | 1.6% |
| Mansi | 5,768 | 6.2% | 5,644 | 4.6% | 6,684 | 2.5% | 6,156 | 1.1% | 6,562 | 0.5% | 9,894 | 0.7% | 10,977 | 0.8% | 11,065 | 0.9% |
| Nenets | 852 | 0.9% | 815 | 0.7% | 940 | 0.3% | 1,003 | 0.2% | 1,144 | 0.1% | 1,290 | 0.1% | 1,438 | 0.1% | 1,381 | 0.1% |
| Komi | 2,436 | 2.6% | 2,803 | 2.3% | 3,150 | 1.2% | 3,105 | 0.5% | 3,000 | 0.2% | 3,081 | 0.2% | 2,364 | 0.2% | 2,618 | 0.2% |
| Russians | 67,616 | 72.5% | 89,813 | 72.5% | 208,500 | 76.9% | 423,792 | 74.3% | 850,297 | 66.3% | 946,590 | 66.1% | 973,978 | 68.1% | 888,660 | 70.3% |
| Ukrainians | 1,111 | 1.2% | 4,363 | 3.5% | 9,986 | 3.7% | 45,484 | 8.0% | 148,317 | 11.6% | 123,238 | 8.6% | 91,323 | 6.4% | 41,596 | 3.3% |
| Tatars | 2,227 | 2.4% | 2,938 | 2.4% | 14,046 | 5.2% | 36,898 | 6.5% | 97,689 | 7.6% | 107,637 | 7.5% | 108,899 | 7.6% | 79,727 | 6.3% |
| Others | 1,026 | 1.1% | 6,115 | 4.9% | 15,629 | 5.8% | 43,106 | 7.6% | 163,495 | 12.7% | 223,959 | 15.6% | 173,536 | 15.5% | 219,465 | 17.3% |
| 1 102,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[14] | ||||||||||||||||
Vital statistics
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Source:[15]
| Average population (× 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 281 | 5 959 | 2 025 | 3 934 | 21.2 | 7.2 | 14.0 | |
| 1975 | 415 | 9 450 | 2 572 | 6 878 | 22.8 | 6.2 | 16.6 | |
| 1980 | 649 | 13 901 | 4 116 | 9 785 | 21.4 | 6.3 | 15.1 | |
| 1985 | 1 041 | 25 130 | 4 863 | 20 267 | 24.1 | 4.7 | 19.5 | |
| 1990 | 1 274 | 21 812 | 5 354 | 16 458 | 17.1 | 4.2 | 12.9 | |
| 1991 | 1 276 | 19 060 | 5 884 | 13 176 | 14.9 | 4.6 | 10.3 | |
| 1992 | 1 270 | 15 849 | 7 132 | 8 717 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 6.9 | |
| 1993 | 1 274 | 14 531 | 9 401 | 5 130 | 11.4 | 7.4 | 4.0 | 1,59 |
| 1994 | 1 286 | 15 120 | 9 937 | 5 183 | 11.8 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 1,59 |
| 1995 | 1 298 | 14 418 | 10 041 | 4 377 | 11.1 | 7.7 | 3.4 | 1,46 |
| 1996 | 1 310 | 14 469 | 9 508 | 4 961 | 11.0 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 1,39 |
| 1997 | 1 330 | 14 640 | 8 497 | 6 143 | 11.0 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 1,34 |
| 1998 | 1 351 | 15 600 | 8 164 | 7 436 | 11.5 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 1,39 |
| 1999 | 1 359 | 14 728 | 8 476 | 6 252 | 10.8 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 1,29 |
| 2000 | 1 372 | 15 579 | 9 426 | 6 153 | 11.4 | 6.9 | 4.5 | 1,34 |
| 2001 | 1 398 | 17 130 | 9 863 | 7 267 | 12.3 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 1,43 |
| 2002 | 1 426 | 19 051 | 9 829 | 9 222 | 13.4 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 1,54 |
| 2003 | 1 445 | 19 883 | 10 000 | 9 883 | 13.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 1,58 |
| 2004 | 1 456 | 20 377 | 9 828 | 10 549 | 14.0 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 1,59 |
| 2005 | 1 466 | 19 958 | 10 415 | 9 543 | 13.6 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 1,54 |
| 2006 | 1 476 | 20 366 | 10 077 | 10 289 | 13.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 1,56 |
| 2007 | 1 487 | 21 887 | 10 093 | 11 794 | 14.7 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 1,66 |
| 2008 | 1 500 | 23 197 | 10 215 | 12 982 | 15.5 | 6.8 | 8.7 | 1,74 |
| 2009 | 1 513 | 23 840 | 10 107 | 13 733 | 15.8 | 6.7 | 9.1 | 1,77 |
| 2010 | 1 527 | 25 089 | 10 447 | 14 642 | 16.4 | 6.8 | 9.6 | 1,84 |
| 2011 | 1 543 | 25 335 | 10 072 | 14 642 | 16.4 | 6.5 | 9.9 | 1,86 |
| 2012 | 1 558 | 27 686 | 9 949 | 17 737 | 17.6 | 6.3 | 11.3 | 2,02 |
Religion
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According to a 2012 survey[16] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious, 11% is atheist, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[16] According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut.[18]
Transport
editIn Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.
See also
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References
edit- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ В Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе добыта 10-миллиардная тонна нефти
- ^ "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2003 No. 841" (in Russian). Official website of the President of Russia.
- ^ Google Earth
- ^ 2020 Russian Subjects Population
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Russian Census of 2021". (in Russian)
- ^ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше Archived December 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service
- ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
- ^ "7 Jehovah's Witnesses Brutally Tortured in Russia, Spokesman Says". February 20, 2019.
External links
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- Official website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra Archived June 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
- Official site of Khanty-Mansi Duma (in Russian)
- Informational website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (in Russian)