The Kholshchevnikov VRDK (Vozdushno-Reaktivniy Dopolnitelniy Kompressor) (Russian: "Jet-Propelled Auxiliary Compressor”) was a motorjet developed in the Soviet Union during World War II. The VRDK was designed to give fighter aircraft a 10 minute performance boost during combat.[1]
| VRDK | |
|---|---|
| |
| Type | Motorjet |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Central Institute of Aviation Motors |
| Design group | Kholshchevnikov |
| Built by | Plant No. 381 |
| First run | 1945 |
| Major applications | Mikoyan-Gurevich I-250 |
Design and development
editDesign work on VRDK technology started in 1941 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute with the goal of developing a motorjet where a piston engine would be combined with an axial flow compressor. From 1943 work was handed over to the Central Institute of Aviation Motors where design studies separated into two branches. One branch of research headed by A I Tolstov focused on diesel engines the other headed by Professor K.V Kholshchevnikov focused on spark ignition engines.[2]
In May 1944 the GKO (state committee for defence) ordered the major aircraft design bureaus to start developing aircraft that used a piston engine as their primary powerplant augmented with a small rocket or jet engine booster for short bursts of speed. The Mikoyan-Gurevich and Sukhoi design bureaus opted to use the VRDK developed by Kholshchevnikov's team[1][2] which was informally known as the Kholshchevnikov accelerator.[2][3]
Both the Sukhoi Su-5 and Mikoyan-Gurevich I-250 used a single 1,230 kW (1,650 hp) Klimov VK-107 engine to drive a propeller and the VRDK’s single stage axial flow compressor. The VRDK was driven from a step-up gearbox and could be engaged/disengaged by the pilot via a clutch mechanism which connected it to the piston engine via a shaft. Air supplied by a duct running from the front of the aircraft was mixed with engine exhaust then compressed and fed to an afterburner before exiting via a nozzle at the back of the aircraft. Part of the compressor exhaust was also used to supercharge the engine.[2] To protect the pilot and airframe, the VRDK was cooled during operation by water from a 78 L (20.6 US gal) tank mounted in the fuselage.[1]
When tested in the I-250, the thrust from the VRDK was 344 kg (758 lb) and combined output from the piston engine + VRDK was calculated to be the equivalent of 1,976 kW (2,650 hp).[2]
The VRDK was designed to operate for 10 minutes continuously and provide a speed increase of 90 km/h (56 mph).[4] Both the Su-5 and the I-250 had top speeds faster than contemporary piston engined fighters but slower than early jet fighters such as the Gloster Meteor and Messerschmitt Me 262.[1][4]
Only small numbers of Soviet motorjet aircraft were built and none saw service during World War II. After the war interest in motorjets quickly declined as the Soviets acquired German and British turbojet engines. Research, development and flight testing of Soviet motorjet aircraft had finished by 1950.[2][3]
Applications
editSpecifications
editData from Harkins.[2] Performance figures are for the VRDK only. In practice the VRDK could not be operated without being coupled to an external driver.
General characteristics
- Type: Motorjet
- Length: ~8 m (26.2 ft) including ducting
- Diameter: ~0.7 m (2.3 ft)
- Dry weight: 140.9 kg (310.6 lb) VRDK only
Components
- Compressor: Single-stage axial
- Combustors: Afterburner ring with seven nozzles
- Fuel type: Avgas
Performance
- Maximum thrust: 344 kg (758 lb)
- Fuel consumption: 205 kg (452 lb) for 10 minutes of flight
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 2.44
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Belyakov, Rostislav Apolossovitch (1994). MiG: Fifty years of secret aircraft design. UK: Shrewsbury: Airlife. pp. 69–76. ISBN 1853104884.
- ^ a b c d e f g Harkins, Hugh (2018). Soviet Mixed Power Experimental Fighter Aircraft. UK: Centurion. ISBN 978-1903630761.
- ^ a b Marriott, Leo (2018). "2 - The Soviet Union". Images of War: Early Jet Fighters 1944-1954. UK: Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781526753939.
- ^ a b Antonov, Vladimir; Gordon, Yefim; Gordyukov, Nikolai; Vakovlev, Vladimir; Zenkin, Vyacheslav (1996). OKB Sukhoi: A history of the design bureau and its aircraft. UK: Midland. pp. 63–69. ISBN 1857800125.