Khouw Tjoen (died in 1831), styled Khouw Tjoen Ko, was a prominent, late eighteenth-century Chinese-Indonesian ship owner and businessman, best-known now as the founder of the Khouw family of Tamboen, one of the most prominent dynasties of the 'Tjabang Atas' or Chinese gentry of colonial Indonesia.[1][2][3][4]
Khouw Tjoen | |
|---|---|
| Born | |
| Died | 1831 |
| Occupation(s) | Shipowner, businessman |
| Years active | Late eighteenth |
| Children | Khouw Tian Sek, Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen (son) Khouw Tian Ho (son) Khouw Tay Hien (son) Khouw Kang Nio (daughter) |
| Father | Khouw Teng |
| Relatives | Khouw Kek Po (grandfather) Khouw Shio (brother) Khouw Soen (brother) Khouw Tjeng Tjoan, Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen (grandson) Khouw Tjeng Kee, Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen (grandson) Khouw Tjeng Po, Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen (grandson) Khouw Kim An, Majoor der Chinezen (great-grandson) O. G. Khouw (great-grandson) Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen (great-grandson) |
Born in the mid-eighteenth century in Fujian, Qing Empire, Khouw Tjoen was the son of Khouw Teng, and a grandson of Khouw Kek Po, who hailed from the landowning Chinese scholar-gentry.[3][4] Around 1769, Khouw Tjoen left China for Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) with two of his brothers, Khouw Shio and Khouw Soen.[1] The brothers settled down in Tegal, Central Java, where they engaged and prospered in business, including in shipowning and pawnbroking.[1][3]
After a time, Khouw Tjoen relocated to Batavia (present-day Jakarta), capital of the Indies, where he established himself and his family.[1][3] By a woman of Peranakan background, he had two sons, Khouw Tian Sek and Khouw Tian Ho, one daughter Khouw Kang Nio, and adopted his brother Khouw Shio's son Khouw Tay Hien.[4]
Khouw died in 1831 in Batavia.[5] His eldest son, Khouw Tian Sek, succeeded him as head of the family, and was awarded the prestigious honorary title of Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen.[1][4] The substantive version of this title came with executive and judicial authority over the Dutch government's Chinese subjects in the Indies and was part of the Dutch colonial system of 'indirect rule'.[2] While his eldest son's title was honorary, and thus came with no administrative responsibility, it marked the elevation of his family to the ranks of the Tjabang Atas.[3][4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Wright, Arnold; Breakspear, Oliver T. (1909). Twentieth Century Impressions of Netherlands India: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources. London: Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ a b Lohanda, Mona (1996). The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837–1942: A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society. Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 9789794282571. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Erkelens, Monique (15 October 2013). The decline of the Chinese Council of Batavia: the loss of prestige and authority of the traditional elite amongst the Chinese community from the end of the nineteenth century until 1942. Leiden: Leiden University. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Haryono, Steve (2017). Perkawinan Strategis: Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir-opsir Tionghoa Dan 'Cabang Atas' Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke-19 Dan 20. Utrecht. ISBN 978-90-90-30249-2. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Javasche courant". Nagelaten Boedels (in Dutch). Landsdrukkerij. 12 January 1832. Retrieved 14 February 2022.