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The kidnapping and murder of Hanns Martin Schleyer marked the end of the left-wing terrorist attacks called German Autumn in 1977.
| Kidnapping and murder of Hanns Martin Schleyer | |
|---|---|
| Part of German Autumn | |
| Location | Cologne, West Germany (kidnapping) France (murder) |
| Date | 5 September 1977– 18 October 1977 |
Attack type | Kidnapping, murder |
| Deaths | 5 |
| Victim | Hanns Martin Schleyer |
| Perpetrators | Red Army Faction (RAF) |
German industrial leader and former SS officer Hanns Martin Schleyer was kidnapped on 5 September 1977, by the Red Army Faction (RAF), also known as Baader-Meinhof Gang, in Cologne, West Germany. It was intended to force the West German government to release Andreas Baader and three other RAF members being held at the Stammheim Prison near the city of Stuttgart. Later, Lufthansa Flight 181 was kidnapped and abducted to Somalia to support the terrorist demands. West German GSG9 forces liberated the hostages on 18 October 1977, this made the news on radio, after which three RAF leaders died in prison. Hanns Martin Schleyer was killed after being a hostage for 43 days.[1]
Events
editKidnapping
editSchleyer's abduction was planned by Siegfried Haag, but he was arrested in 1976, so his replacement, Brigitte Mohnhaupt, carried out the abduction.[citation needed]
On 5 September 1977, an RAF "commando unit" attacked the chauffeured car carrying Schleyer, then president of the German employers' association, in Cologne, just after the car had turned right from Friedrich-Schmidt-Strasse into Vincenz-Statz-Strasse. His driver, Heinz Marcisz, 41, was forced to brake when a baby carriage suddenly appeared in the street in front of them. The police escort vehicle behind them was unable to stop in time, and crashed into Schleyer's car. Four (or possibly five) masked RAF members then jumped out and sprayed machine gun and machine pistol bullets into the two vehicles, killing Marcisz and a police officer, Roland Pieler, 20, who was seated in the backseat of Marcisz's car. The driver of the police escort vehicle, Reinhold Brändle, 41 and a third police officer, Helmut Ulmer, 24, who was in the second vehicle were also killed.[2] The hail of bullets riddled over twenty bullet wounds into the bodies of Brändle and Pieler. Schleyer was then pulled out of the car and forced into the RAF assailants' own getaway van.
Imprisonment and killing
editSchleyer was hidden in a highrise in Erftstadt (Liblar) near Cologne. The police came very close to finding him, but due to lack of internal communication could not rescue him.[citation needed] Several local police officers were convinced that Schleyer was held in the aforementioned highrise close to the autobahn.[citation needed] One investigator had rung the doorbell of the apartment in question, but nobody had conveyed this information to the crisis center of the federal police.[3]
The RAF demanded that the government release imprisoned members of their group.[4][citation needed] The government refused to give into RAF's demands or negotiate aside from strategical negotiations, hoping that the police would manage to free Schleyer in the meantime.[4][citation needed] The RAF sent the government a picture of Schleyer alive, in captivity, on 8 October 1977.[5]
On 13 October, the passenger-plane "Landshut" was kidnapped in order to support the demands to release imprisoned members of the RAF. [4] After 43 days, the government had not given in to the demands of the kidnappers.[4] [citation needed] Hours after the German counterterrorism unit GSG 9 ended the Palestinian hijack of Lufthansa Flight 181,[relevant?] the imprisoned RAF members Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe were found dead in their prison cells.[further explanation needed][improper synthesis?]
After Schleyer's kidnappers received the news of the death of their imprisoned comrades, Schleyer was taken from Brussels, Belgium on 18 October 1977, and shot dead en route to Mulhouse, France, where his body was left in the trunk of a green Audi 100 on the rue Charles Péguy.[citation needed]
Investigation
editOn 9 September 2007, former RAF member Peter-Jürgen Boock mentioned that the RAF members Rolf Heissler and Stefan Wisniewski were responsible for Schleyer's death.[6]
Schleyer's widow, Waltrude Schleyer, campaigned against clemency for his kidnappers and other members of the RAF. She died on 21 March 2008, in Stuttgart.[7]
References
edit- ^ Katz, Samuel M (2004). Raging Within : Ideological Terrorism. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8225-4032-8.
- ^ Clutterbuck, Richard L (2010). Terrorism, Drugs & Crime in Europe After 1992. London: Routledge. pp. 48, 49. ISBN 978-0-415-61620-1.
- ^ Büchel, Helmar; Aust, Stefan (17 September 2007). "Dann gibt es Tote [Then there are dead]" (in German). Der Spiegel.
- ^ a b c d Siemens, Anne (2007). Für die RAF war er das System, für mich der Vater (in German) (2nd ed.). München: Piper Verlag GmbH. p. 36. ISBN 978-3-492-05024-1.
- ^ "Obituaries in the news: Waltrude Schleyer". Denver Post. Associated Press. 25 March 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "WorldwideLexicon.Marx: Ex-Terrorist Reveals Names Of The Schleyer Murderers". Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ "Obituaries in the news: Waltrude Schleyer". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. 26 March 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2008.