Kim Kyung-cheon (Korean: 김경천; 5 June 1888 – 2 January 1942) was a Korean independence activist and military leader.
| Kim Kyung-cheon | |
 | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 김경천 |
| Hanja | 金擎天 |
| Revised Romanization | Gim Gyeongcheon |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kim Kyŏngch'ŏn |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 김응천 |
| Hanja | 金應天 |
| Revised Romanization | Gim Eungcheon |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kim Ŭngch'ŏn |
Early life
editIn 1888, he was born in a rich, Yangban-traditioned family in South Hamgyong Province, Pukchong County, as the fifth son of his father Kim Jeong-woo. His original name was Kim Ung-chon. In 1909, he married You Jong. He later entered the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and graduated in 1911, attaining the rank of cavalry lieutenant in the Imperial Japanese Army.
Korean independence activism
editIn June 1919, he fled to Manchuria along with Chi Chong-chon to join the Korean independence movement, working as a trainer but after only six months he communicated with some Korean activists and moved to Vladivostok[1] to fight under Kim Kyu, who was renowned for victory over a Japanese battalion.[2] His main operation after arriving in Vladivostok was fighting off Japanese-supported Chinese militias. In this period he chose Kim Kyung-cheon as a pseudonym. During the Russian Civil War, his troops managed to impress Red Army commanders with good discipline.[3] In January 1923, he attended the conference of Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai and decided to create a communist Korean regime which would be based in the Soviet Union. However, the Comintern denied the "republic's" legitimacy as an independent entity, leading Ji to leave the Soviet Union while Kim remained. During the Great Purge, Kim was arrested for protesting against Joseph Stalin's Korean Dislocation policy and eventually died in a Soviet prison. He and Ji Cheong-cheon and Shin Dong-cheon were called "3 cheons of South Manchuria" (南满三天). He was also referred to as 擎天金将軍 (경천 김장군) (literally meaning "Heaven-supporting General Kim") by Koreans in Manchuria.
Several sources believe North Korean leader Kim Il Sung stole his identity after his death.[4] Lee Myung-young published a book The Legend of Kim Il-sung in 1974 in which she asserted that the original General Kim Il Sung was an Imperial Japanese Army Academy graduate.
References
edit- ^ 大正九年一月二十三日高警第一五三五号 秘 国外情報 不逞鮮人ノ行動（浦潮派遣員報告）「哈爾賓埠頭区十三道街居住金擎天ナル者ヨリ、目下浦潮ニ居住セル元平安南道平壌鎮衛隊下士ニシテ暴徒派不逞鮮人金燦五、及元咸鏡南道北青鎮衛隊下士崔元吉、並海牙密使事件ノ張本人李儁ノ実子李鏞等十二名ニ宛テ、陰十二月十五日（陽暦二月四日）愈々前進ノ予定ナルヲ以テ各位ハ二十人長トシテ部下ヲ引率シ同日迄ニ哈爾賓ニ集合セラレ度シトノ書面ノ発送シ来レリト謂フ」
- ^ "[다시쓰는 독립운동列傳］III러시아편－2. 노령지역 무장투쟁가 김규면". 18 July 2005.
- ^ 『シベリア出兵 革命と干渉 1917–1922 (Siberia Expedition: Revolution and Intervention)』pp.486-487
- ^ III러시아편－2. 노령지역 무장투쟁가 김규면
Further reading
edit- Lee Myung-young 『金日成は四人いた(The Four Kim Il Sungs)』成甲書房、2000年。ISBN 4-88086-108-1
- 独立運動家・金擎天の研究（1998年9月論文）박 환
- 《경향신문》 (2005.9.5) 다시쓰는 독립운동列傳 III러시아편－5. 시베리아 항일영웅 김경천
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