The Kition Tariffs are two important Phoenician inscriptions found in Kition (Larnaka), Cyprus in 1879.[1][2] The longer of the two has been described as "Among the longest and most important Phoenician inscriptions from Cyprus".[3]
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Discovery
editThey were excavated in 1879 from a mound known as the Bamboula, by a team led by Lieutenant Hugh Montgomery Sinclair (1855 – 1927) of the Royal Engineers. They were presented to the British Museum in 1880, where they remain on display.[4]
Sinclair was assisted in his works by Demetrios Pieridis; Sinclair's 5 July 1879 report described: "2 Phoenician inscriptions have been found written in some sort of paint on stone & being (according to Mr. Pierides) accounts of wages."[4] The finds were brought to the attention of the British Museum in 1880 in a report from Charles Thomas Newton, forwarding a letter from Charles Abbott, 3rd Baron Tenterden on behalf of Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville. Newton's report stated:[5]
Near Larnaka is a mound of rubbish close to a stagnant pool of salt water which is believed to be the site of the ancient harbour of Kition. This stagnant pool, which contributed to the unhealthiness of Larnaka during the summer months, has been filled up by levelling the mound of rubbish under the direction of Lieut. Sinclair R.E. whose report of these operations is enclosed herewith. Irregular foundation walls of various epochs were discovered in the mound which are shown in the tracing annexed to Lieut. Sinclair's Report... Among the antiquities found here the most interesting are two pieces of calcareous stone on one of which are 17 lines of Phoenician inscription on one side and 12 lines in the same character written in black.
Text of CIS I 86
editThe long inscription (CIS I 86 or KAI 37) reads:[6][7][8][9]
Line 14 of side A of the longer inscription may notably describe the head of the tablet scribes ("RB SPRM Š LḤ").[10]A side (line A.1) TKLT YRḤ ’TNM EXPENDITURES (of the temple) (in) THE MONTH OF ETHANIM (September-October) (A.2) BḤDŠ YRḤ ’TNM On the new moon of the month of Ethanim: (A.3-4) L’LN ḤDŠ QP’ 𐤚 / 𐤛 𐤖 - For the god Ḥodis [New Moon]: 2 (or 6?) «QP’». (A.5) LBNM ’Š BN ’YT BT ‘ŠTRT KT QP’ 𐤖[...?] - For the builders who built the temple of Astarte at Kition: 1(?) «QP’». (A.6) LPRKM WL’DMM ’Š ‘L DL QṢR 𐤘 - For the taskmasters and for the men who are in charge of the labor force: 20 «QṢR». (A.7) LŠRM B‘R ’Š ŠKNM LMLKT QDŠT BYM Z Q[P’? ...] - For those living in the city who were employed in the sacred liturgy on this day: ... «Q[P’?]». (A.8) LN‘RM 𐤚 QP’ 𐤚 - For the 2 young servitors (in the temple): 2 «QP’». (A.9) LZBḤM 𐤚 QR 𐤖 - For the 2 sacrificial priests: 1 «QR». (A.10-11) L’PM 𐤚 ’Š ’P ’YT [ṬN]’ ḤLT LMLKT [QDŠT] / ’T PRMN QR 𐤚(?) - For the 2 bakers who baked the [?baske]t of loaves for the [sacred] liturgy, together with PRNM: 2(?) «QR». (A.12) LN‘RM 𐤛 QP’ 𐤛 - For the 3 young servitors: 3 «QP’». (A.13) LGLBM P‘LM ‘L ML’KT QP’ 𐤚 - For the barbers who work for the liturgy: 2 «QP’». (A.14) LḤRŠM 𐤘 ’Š P‘L ’ŠTT ’[Š] BBT MK[L ...] - For the 20 craftsmen who made the female statues th[at] are in the temple of MK[L: ...] (A.15) L‘BD’ŠMN RB SPRM ŠLḤ BYM Z QR 𐤛 WQ[P’ ...] - For Abdeshmūn, Head of the Scribes, who was commissioned on this day: 3 «QR» and ... «Q[P’]». (A.16) [LKLBM] WLGRM QR 𐤛 WP’ 𐤛 - [For the axmen] and for the sawyers: 3 «QR» and 3 «[Q]P’». (A.17) [L... ...]’ ŠLḤ BYM Z QR 𐤚 WQ[P’ ...] - [For ... who] was commissioned on this day: 2 «QR» and ... «Q[P’]». (A.18) [L... ... ...] . YK . Š[... ]’ 𐤚 (?) - [For ...: ...] 2 (?) B side (B.1) D[L]T ‘QB COLUMN ON THE VERSO SIDE (B.2) BḤDŠ YRḤ P‘LT On the new moon of the month of Pa‘loth: (B.3) L’LN ḤDŠ QP’ 𐤚 - For the god Ḥodis [New Moon]: 2 «QP’». (B.4) LB‘LM YM BSBB ’LM [... ] - For Ba‘al of the Sea (?) in the precinct (?) of the gods: ... (B.5) LNPŠ BT ’Š L’ŠTT MKL WŠ[...] - For the personnel of the temple of the (female) consorts of MKL and Š[...: ...] (B.6) L‘BD’BST HQRTḤDŠTY - For ‘Abdubast the Carthaginian (Carthage: city in Cyprus?): [...?] (B.7) L’ŠM ’Š LQḤ [MKL]BM QP’[ ...] - For the men who were taken (ransomed) from prisons(?): ... «QP’». (B.8) LR‘M ’Š B[D P]P LKD QR 𐤚 ’Š B[ ...] - For the shepherds who were seized by Paphos(?) (a ransom?): 2 «QR» of which [...]. (B.9) L‘LMT WL‘LMT 𐤚𐤘 BZBḤ [...] - For the maidens, that is(?), for the 22 virgins at the sacrifice: [...]. (B.10) LKLBM WLGRM QR 𐤛 WP’ 𐤛 - For the axmen and for the sawyers: 3 «QR» and 3 «[Q]P’». (B.11) LN‘RM 𐤛 QP’ 𐤛 - For the 3 young servitors (in the temple): 3 «QP’». (B.12) [L... QP]’ 𐤚 - [For ...: ] 2 «[QP]’».
Text of CIS I 87
editThe short inscription (CIS I 87 or Kition 84) reads:[11][9]
(line 1) BD ‘BD’LM BN Ḥ[... ] In the charge of ‘Abdilim, son of Ḥ[...], (are) [...] (2) WP‘LM 𐤛𐤖𐤗𐤘𐤘𐤙 and 145 workmen. (3) BD MNḤM BN B‘L[Š]M‘ B[N ..]M [...] In the charge of Meneḥḥem, son of Ba‘alsamo‘ s[on of ...]M, (are) [...] (4) WP‘LM 𐤚𐤘 and 22 workmen.
References
edit- ^ Watson, Wilfred G. E. (1997). "Comments on the Phoenician Tariff Inscriptions from Kition". Die Welt des Orients. 28: 89–95. ISSN 0043-2547. JSTOR 25683641.
- ^ Healey, Joseph P. (1974). "The Kition Tariffs and the Phoenician Cursive Series". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (216): 53–60. doi:10.2307/1356334. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1356334. S2CID 163173477.
- ^ Peckham, Brian (1968). "Notes on a Fifth-Century Phoenician Inscription from Kition, Cyprus (CIS 86)". Orientalia. 37 (3): 304–324. ISSN 0030-5367. JSTOR 43074237.
- ^ a b Fourrier, Sabine; Kiely, Thomas (2012). "Excavations at Kition-Bamboula 1879. Finds in the British Museum". Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes. 42 (1): 273–304. doi:10.3406/cchyp.2012.1027. S2CID 192190555.
- ^ Bailey, D. M. (1969). "The Village Priest's Tomb at Aradippou in Cyprus". The British Museum Quarterly. 34 (1/2): 36–58. doi:10.2307/4423043. ISSN 0007-151X. JSTOR 4423043.
- ^ Renan, Ernestus (1881). Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (...), I. Inscriptiones Phoenicias continens (PDF). Paris: Government Printing Office. pp. 82–99. Retrieved 29 May 2022. (archive.org)
- ^ Donner, Herbert; Rölig, Wolfgang (2002). Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (5 ed.). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. I, 9.
- ^ Healey, Joseph P. (1974). "The Kition Tariffs and the Phoenician Cursive Series". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 216 (December): 53–60. doi:10.2307/1356334. JSTOR 1356334. S2CID 163173477. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ a b Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000). Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. Leuven: Peeters / Departement Oosterse Studies. ISBN 90-429-0770-3.
- ^ Schmitz, Philip C. “The Spr š Lḥ ‘Tablet Scribe’ at Phoenician Kition (‘CIS’ I 86 A 14).” Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 129, no. 3, 2009, pp. 499–501. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20789425. Accessed 2 Jun. 2022.
- ^ Renan (1881), CIS I, p. 100.