The Knights of Justice or Professed Knights, form the first of the three classes of members of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta together with the professed conventual chaplains. They make vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. According to the Order's Code, "they are religious in all respects and they comply with the universal and particular norms that concern them."[1]: Code Article 6
The religious superior of the Knights of Justice, under the Prince and Grand Master, is the Grand Commander, currently Fra' Emmanuel Rousseau.[2] Most Knights of Justice are members of a Priory or Subpriory.[clarification needed]
All Knights of Justice have the title Fra' (an abbreviation for the Latin word frater meaning brother). They are divided into the following ranks:
- Venerable Bailiff Knights Grand Cross of Justice Professed in Perpetual Vows
- Knights Grand Cross of Justice Professed in Perpetual Vows
- Commanders of Justice Professed in Perpetual Vows
- Knights of Justice Professed in Perpetual Vows
- Knights of Justice Professed in Temporary Vows
- Knights admitted to the Novitiate
Until 1989 all Knights of Justice had to be nobles, but since then non-noble Knights of Magistral Grace have been permitted to advance into the category of Justice. Until 2022 the Prince and Grand Master was elected from among the Knights of Justice who have the nobiliary requirements prescribed for the category of Knights of Honour and Devotion; this requirement no longer exists.[3]: 1997 Constitution Article 13
Membership numbers
editThere are currently (2023) thirty-two Knights of Justice.[4]
Historical membership numbers of professed knights
| Year | Number |
|---|---|
| 1871 | 36 [5] |
| 1880 | 39 [6] |
| 1895 | 46 [7]: 51 |
| 1938 | 24 [7]: 51 |
| 1968 | 24 [8][7]: 51 |
| 1986 | 24 [9][7]: 51 |
Prominent living Knights of Justice
editThe abbreviation S.A.E. stands for Sua Altezza Eminentissima, His Most Eminent Highness; it is used by the Prince and Grand Master.
The abbreviation S.E. stands for Sua Eccellenza, His Excellency; it is used by the members of the Sovereign Council, by grand priors, and by those knights who are bailiffs.
| Name | Priory or Subpriory |
Notes |
|---|---|---|
| S.A.E. Fra' John T. Dunlap | Prince and 81st Grand Master | |
| S.E. Fra' Emmanuel Rousseau | Rome | Grand Commander |
| S.E. Fra' Alessandro de Franciscis | Naples and Sicily | Grand Hospitaller |
| S.E. Fra' Richard Wolff | Our Lady of Lourdes | Member of the Sovereign Council |
| S.E. Fra' John Eidinow | England | Member of the Sovereign Council |
| S.E. Fra' Joao Augusto Esquivel Freire de Andrade | Naples and Sicily | Member of the Sovereign Council |
| S.E. Fra' Thomas Mulligan | Our Lady of Lourdes | Member of the Sovereign Council |
| S.E. Fra' Roberto Viazzo | Rome | Grand Prior of Rome |
| S.E. Ven. Balì Fra' Ruy Gonçalo do Valle Peixoto de Villas Boas | Rome | |
| Fra' Gherardo Hercolani Fava Simonetti | Rome | |
| Fra' Giovanni Scarabelli | Rome | |
| Fra' Jean-Louis Mainguy | Rome | |
| S.E. Ven. Balì Fra' Angelo Chiastellaro | Lombardy and Venice | |
| S.E. Fra' Nicolò Custoza de Cattani | Naples and Sicily | Grand Prior of Naples and Sicily |
| Fra' Ignazio Toraldo di Francia | Naples and Sicily | |
| Fra' Luigi de Palma | Naples and Sicily | |
| S.E. Fra' Pierre Melchior Henri de Bizemont | Bohemia | Grand Prior of Bohemia |
| Fra' Karel Eduard Paar | Bohemia | former Grand Prior of Bohemia |
| Fra' Francis Vassallo | Bohemia | |
| Fra' Bertrand Allard de Sotteville de Villermont | Bohemia | |
| Fra' Julian Chadwick | Bohemia | |
| Fra' Mathieu J. Dupont | Bohemia | |
| Fra' Jean Michel Furlan | Bohemia | |
| S.E. Fra' Gottfried von Kühnelt-Leddihn | Austria | Grand Prior of Austria |
| Fra' Ludwig von Call zu Rosenburg und Kulmbach | Austria | |
| Fra' Leon Sireisky | Austria | |
| Fra' Duncan Gallie | Austria | |
| S.E. Fra' Max Rumney | England | Grand Prior of England |
| Fra' Richard Berkley-Matthews | England | Chancellor of the Grand Priory of England |
| Fra' Ian Scott | England | former Grand Prior of England |
| Fra' Paul Caffrey | England | |
| Fra' Nicola Tegoni | Our Lady of Lourdes | Regent of the Subpriory of Our Lady of Lourdes |
| Fra' Guy de Lustrac | Member of the French Association |
Robes
editThe black church robe worn by the Knights of Justice has a different shape from that worn by the knights of the second and third classes. It is distinguished by the cross of Malta on the left side (not on the centre of the breast). The cross is completely white (not merely outlined in white).
The Knights of Justice in perpetual vows wear an additional garment called a scapular (but different in shape from other monastic scapulars). It hangs from the back of the neck like a yoke and wraps around the back and then rests over the left forearm (similar to a maniple). It has four large tassels and is embroidered in gold with the symbols of the Passion of Christ.[10]: 28
The red military uniform of the Knights of Justice is distinguished by a white collar, white lapels and white cuffs. The feathers of the feluca worn by Knights of Justice are white instead of black.[10]: 36
Knights in minority
editUntil 1961 Knights of Justice could be admitted to the Order in minority, i.e. when they were children. This would give them seniority when applying for commanderies in the Order. Most of these Knights of Justice in minority did not take solemn vows when they became adults.
Prince Philipp of Liechtenstein (born 19 August 1946) and Prince Nikolaus of Liechtenstein (born 24 October 1947) were admitted as Knights of Justice in minority at the ages of four and three on 15 November 1950;[11] Neither brother took vows as an adult; Prince Nikolaus is now a Knight of Honour and Devotion.[12] The last Knight of Justice in minority was Count Franz-Alfred von Hartig, who was admitted 31 May 1951 when he was sixteen; he never took vows and is now a Knight in Obedience[7]: 54 and the Order's ambassador to Romania.
Other orders of knighthood
editThe term Knight of Justice is also used for a class of members in several other chivalric orders including the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George,[13] the Johanniterorden (Rechtsritter), and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.[14] However, these knights are not professed religious who have taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
References
edit- ^ "Carta costituzionale e Codice" (PDF). Rome: Sovereign Military Order of Malta. 2022-09-03. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
- ^ Pope Francis (2022-09-03). "Decree for the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta".
- ^ "Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta" (PDF). Rome: Sovereign Military Order of Malta. 1997. Retrieved 2016-09-05.
- ^ Gran Priorato di Lombardia e Venezia. Atti approvati dal Capitolo Generale Straordinario, Ariccia, 25-29 gennaio 2023, 18.
- ^ Ruolo Generale del Sov.o M.e Ordine Gerosolimitano (Roma: Tipografia Fratelli Pilotta, 1871).
- ^ Ruolo Generale del Sov. Mil. Ordine di S. Giovanni del Gerusalemme ovvero di Malta (Roma: Tipografia Poliglotta della S. Congregazione di Propaganda Fide, 1880).
- ^ a b c d e Guy Stair Sainty, The Orders of Saint John: The History, Structure, Membership and Modern Role of the Five Hospitaller Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem (New York: The American Society of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, 1991).
- ^ Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme di Rodi e di Malta (1968). Ruolo Generale Ufficiale del Gran Magistero. Rome: Stabilimenti Tipografici Carlo Colombo.
- ^ Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme di Rodi e di Malta (1986). Ruolo Generale. Rome.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Luciano Valentini di Laviano, Abiti, Uniformi e Decorazioni del Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta (Roma: Logart, 2014).
- ^ Rangliste und Personalstatus des Souveränen Malteser-Ritter-Ordens im Großpriorate von Österreich nach dem Stande vom 4. April 1964; cf. Sire, 223.
- ^ Genealogisches Handbuch der Fürstlichen Häuser (Limburg an derLahn: C. A. Starke, 2007), XVIII, 55.
- ^ "Members of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George". Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ "Royal Charter and Statutes of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, Statutes, 32". Retrieved 5 September 2016.