Koompassia excelsa (known as tualang in Peninsula Malaysia,[3] tapang in Sarawak,[4][5] mangaris in Sabah[4], and bangris in Kalimantan [4]) is an emergent tropical rainforest tree species in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. It is one of the tallest tropical tree species: the tallest measured specimen is 85.8 m[6] or 88 m[2](281 or 289 ft) tall.
| Koompassia excelsa | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | Koompassia |
| Species: | K. excelsa
|
| Binomial name | |
| Koompassia excelsa | |
These grow mostly in lowland rainforests where they tower over the canopy. Like most tall rainforest trees they have huge buttress roots to support their weight. This is because the majority of the nutrients in rainforest soil are very near the surface, making large spreading roots more effective than deep ones.[7]
They grow branches above the canopy (around 30 m or 100 ft) and have slippery trunks which protect them from sun bears, making them in turn attractive to giant honey bees Apis dorsata which hang their huge combs from the branches.[4] The bees also protect the trees from loggers, as the value of the honey is higher than that of the timber.[3]
There is a long history in Borneo of the honey combs being collected by native climbers using bamboo ladders built into the trunk, and protected by smoke. This is reflected in the title of a book of 'Poems and Chants of Sarawak Dayaks'.,[8] which expands on the cultural significance of this tree which links the earth to the sky...
Logging tapang trees is a native taboo in parts of Sarawak, and only naturally fallen trees (due to storms) are used for timber.[9][1]
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The large buttress roots of Koompassia excelsa
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Koompassia excelsa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T33208A9765707. 1998. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33208A9765707.en.
- ^ a b Hou, Ding (2000). "Koompassia excelsa (Becc.) Taub.". In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L. G. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. Vol. 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-983-2181-06-4.
- ^ a b "Peninsular Malaysian rain forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
- ^ a b c d Phillipps (2016). Mammals of Borneo and their Ecology. p. 66.
- ^ "Tapang tree, Sarawak by Marianne North around 1876".
- ^ "Borneo". Eastern Native Tree Society. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
- ^ "Tualang - Koompassia excelsa". www.blueplanetbiomes.org. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ Rubenstein, Carol, (1985), The Honey Tree Song, Ohio University Press
- ^ "Loagan Bunut National Park | Sarawak Forestry Corporation".
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