Kotov (Russian: Котов) and Kotova (Russian: Котова; feminine) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alexander Kotov (1913–1981), Soviet chess grandmaster and author
- Grigory Kotov (1902–1944), Soviet general
- Konstantin Kotov (b. 1985), Russian political activist
- Oleg Kotov (b. 1965), Russian cosmonaut
- Pavel Kotov
- Sergey Kotov (counter admiral) (1912–1999), Russian admiral who gave his name to the Russian patrol ship Sergey Kotov
- Sergei Kotov (b. 1985), Israeli figure skater
- Sergei Kotov (footballer) (b. 1982), Russian professional footballer
- Vladimir Kotov (b. 1958), South African long-distance runner
- Nina Kotova (b. 1969), Russian American cellist and composer
- Tatyana Kotova (b. 1976), Russian long jump athlete
- Tatiana Kotova (b. 1985), the winner of Miss Russia 2006 title