Koyanagi Tsunekichi (Japanese: 小柳 常吉, born Keiji Takaishi (高石 桂治, Takaishi Keiji), August 1817 – March 23, 1858) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Ichihara District, Kazusa Province (now Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture). His highest rank was ōzeki. He is the third wrestler from Chiba Prefecture to have been promoted to this rank and the first since Kimenzan Yoichiemon in 1813, 39 years earlier.[1]
| Koyanagi Tsunekichi | |
|---|---|
| 小柳 常吉 | |
 | |
| Personal information | |
| Born | Keiji Takaishi August, 1817 Ichihara District, Kazusa Province, Japan |
| Died | March 23, 1858 (aged 40) |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 155 kg (342 lb) |
| Career | |
| Stable | Ōnomatsu |
| Record | 153–67–90–30 draws/6 holds |
| Debut | January, 1835 |
| Highest rank | Ōzeki (November, 1852) |
| Retired | January 1856 |
| Elder name | Ōnomatsu |
| Championships | 5 (Makuuchi, unofficial) |
| * Up to date as of October 2023. | |
Career
editLittle is known of Koyanagi's past before he became a wrestler. In 1827 he became apprentice to the then-ōzeki Ōnomatsu in Edo.[2] He was initially given the shikona, or ring name, Midorimatsu (緑松) but changed it in 1837 to inherit his final name of Koyanagi (小柳), which had previously been borne by his master.[2] Before being promoted to the makuuchi division, he was an inconsistent wrestler and regularly received promotions despite his results, thanks to his master's influence within the Sumo Association, and thanks to his obese physique,[3] which raised expectations that he would one day become a dominant competitor despite his poor results at the time. His techniques improved, however, and between 1843 and 1850 he won the equivalent of five championships. However, as the yūshō system was not introduced until 1909, these championship victories are now considered unofficial. In 1843, he obtained the patronage of the Tokushima Domain, but the latter did not renew its protection for the following years, leaving Koyanagi without an influential protector for the rest of his career.
In 1845, he made his debut in the san'yaku ranks with a promotion to komusubi. Nevertheless, he stagnated in the lower ranks of san'yaku for five years, as the top of the rankings at the time was occupied by consistent and successful wrestlers such as Tsurugizan and Kagamiiwa. In 1850, however, he was promoted to sekiwake and won the equivalent of his last championship in his inaugural tournament at that rank. In 1852 he reached the rank of ōzeki. That same year, his master died and Koyanagi led the stable as its highest-ranked wrestler. For more than three years, he held his position. In 1854, Western ships arrived at Uraga, Kanagawa and Koyanagi was sent with the Japanese delegation to welcome Commander Matthew C. Perry, wrestling with sailors in an exhibition tournament. As a result, Perry mentions him in his memoirs as "massive because his frame was covered with a mass of flesh".[3][4] Koyanagi was also involved in the first recorded boxing matches of Japan, being ordered to fight a boxer and a wrestler from the United States who accompanied Perry. There were three fought matches, using different martial arts' styles, before Perry and other spectators. Koyanagi reportedly won.[5][6]
In 1856, he retired as a wrestler and became an elder under the name Ōnomatsu, succeeding his master as the second generation of this name. Koyanagi died on March 23, 1858. His tomb is located in the Gyokusen-in temple of Kōtō, Tokyo, where wrestlers who used the Ōnomatsu name are buried (from the first to the fourth).[3]
In July 2021, the Ichihara, Chiba museum presented a collection of objects linked to Koyanagi, including clay menko in his effigy.[7]
Top division record
edit- The actual time the tournaments were held during the year in this period often varied.
| - | Spring | Summer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1837 | Unknown | East Jūryō #6 6–4 |
||||
| 1838 | East Jūryō #7 0–3 1d |
East Jūryō #6 4–6 |
||||
| 1839 | East Jūryō #5 6–3 1d |
East Jūryō #1 6–4 |
||||
| 1840 | East Maegashira #6 4–5–1 |
East Maegashira #3 3–4–3 |
||||
| 1841 | West Maegashira #2 2–1–2 5h |
West Maegashira #2 4–1–3 |
||||
| 1842 | East Maegashira #2 4–2–1 2d |
East Maegashira #2 4–2–4 |
||||
| 1843 | East Maegashira #2 6–1–2 1d |
East Maegashira #2 7–0–2 1d Unofficial |
||||
| 1844 | East Maegashira #1 1–0–9 |
East Maegashira #1 6–3–1 |
||||
| 1845 | East Maegashira #1 5–1–3 1d |
East Komusubi #1 6–1–3 |
||||
| 1846 | East Komusubi #1 0–0–10 |
East Komusubi #1 4–0–5 1h |
||||
| 1847 | East Komusubi #1 6–1–2 1d Unofficial |
East Komusubi #1 8–1–1 Unofficial |
||||
| 1848 | East Komusubi #1 4–3–1 2d |
East Komusubi #1 7–1–1 2d Unofficial |
||||
| 1849 | East Komusubi #1 5–0–5 |
East Komusubi #1 6–1–2 1d |
||||
| 1850 | East Sekiwake #1 6–0–2 2d Unofficial |
East Sekiwake #1 4–2–2 2d |
||||
| 1851 | East Sekiwake #1 2–1–1 1d |
East Sekiwake #1 4–1–1 4d |
||||
| 1852 | East Sekiwake #1 3–2–2 3d |
East Ōzeki #1 5–2–1 2d |
||||
| 1853 | East Ōzeki #1 5–3–1 1d |
East Ōzeki #1 5–1–2 2d |
||||
| 1854 | East Ōzeki #1 3–3–4 |
East Ōzeki #1 2–4–3 1d |
||||
| 1855 | East Ōzeki #1 0–0–10 |
Unknown | ||||
| 1856 | East Ōzeki #1 Retired 0–0–10 |
x | ||||
| Record given as win-loss-absent Top Division Champion Top Division Runner-up Retired Lower Divisions Key:d=Draw(s) (引分); h=Hold(s) (預り) |
||||||
*Championships for the best record in a tournament were not recognized or awarded before the 1909 summer tournament and the above championships that are labelled "unofficial" are historically conferred. For more information see yūshō.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Wrestlers from Chiba Prefecture by rank". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ a b "小柳常吉". Digital Edition Japanese Name Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 October 2023 – via Kotobank encyclopedia.
- ^ a b c "玉泉院 (東京都江東区)～訪問：平成27年９月16日～阿武松代々墓" (in Japanese). Gyokusen-in temple (Koto). 17 August 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ "Perry in Japan: a visual history". Brown University Library Center for Digital Scholarship. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ ボクシングの伝来と協会の歴史 – 第二章 ペリー提督によって日本に伝来 (in Japanese). Japan Pro Boxing Association. 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
- ^ Shun Kasahara, The University of Tokyo (Spring 2009). "Perry Visits Japan: a visual history – The Sumo Won Perry's Heart". Brown University Library. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
- ^ "幕末の名大関「小柳常吉」関連展示「泥めんこ」など！～本物を見る喜びを体感！7月30日まで！～". Ichihara City. 10 July 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ "Koyanagi Tsunekichi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference.
Further reading
edit- "『大相撲人物大事典』" [Encyclopedia of Sumo Figures]. Sumo Magazine. Baseball Magazine, Inc. January 2001. p. 725. ISBN 9784583036403.
- Tadamasa Sakai [in Japanese] (1964). 日本相撲史 [History of Japanese Sumo]. Vol. 2. Japan Sumo Association. ISBN 4835455037.