Guugu Yalandji, also spelt Kuku-Yalanji, is an Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. It is the traditional language of the Kuku Yalanji people.
| Guugu Yalandji | |
|---|---|
| Region | Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Kuku Yalanji, Yungkurara, Kuku Nyungkal, Kokobididji, Kokobujundji, Kokokulunggur, Kokowalandja, Wakara, Wakaman,[a] Djankun, Muluridji, ?Wulpura |
Native speakers | 388 (2021 census)[5] |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:gvn – Kuku-Yalanjidjf – Djangunvmu – Muluridyi |
| Glottolog | yala1261 |
| AIATSIS[7] | Y78 |
| ELP | Kuku-Yalanji |
| Djangun[8] | |
| Muluridyi[9] | |
Speakers
editDespite conflicts between the Kuku Yalanji people and British settlers in Queensland, the Kuku Yalanji language has a healthy number of speakers, and that number is increasing.[when?] Though the language is threatened, the language use is vigorous and children are learning it in schools. All generations of speakers have positive language attitudes.
The Kuku Yalanji still practise their traditional religion, and they have rich oral traditions. Many people in the Kuku Yalanji community also use English. Around 100 Kuku Yalanji speakers can both read and write in Kuku Yalanji.[when?]
Phonology
editVowels
editKuku-Yalanji uses the typical three-vowel system, /a, u, i/, used in other Aboriginal Australian languages.[10]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Low | a | |
Consonants
editThis table uses the standard orthography used by both linguists and the speech community. Where the orthography differs from the IPA representation, the orthography is in brackets.
Stop sounds can range between voiced and voiceless releases.[10]
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p ~ b ⟨b⟩ | t ~ d ⟨d⟩ | c ~ ɟ ⟨j⟩ | k ~ ɡ ⟨g⟩ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ ⟨ny⟩ | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
| Approximant | w | l | ɻ ⟨r⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | |
| Trill | r ⟨rr⟩ |
Footnotes
edit- ^ Not to be confused with the language of the Wakaman people, Wagaman, probably a variant of the mutually intelligible Agwamin and Wamin languages, Wakaman a dialect of Kuku Yalanji. See also Wagaman language (disambiguation).[1][2][3][4]
References
edit- ^ Y108 Wagaman at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Y132 Agwamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Y132.1 Wamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Y233 Wakaman at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ "SBS Australian Census Explorer". Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ Dixon, RMW (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. xxxii.
- ^ Y78 Guugu Yalandji at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Endangered Languages Project data for Djangun.
- ^ Endangered Languages Project data for Muluridyi.
- ^ a b Patz, Elisabeth (2002). A Grammar of the Kuku Yalanji Language of North Queensland (PDF). Pacific Linguistics 527. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. doi:10.15144/pl-527. hdl:1885/146148. ISBN 978-0-85883-534-4.
External links
edit- Bibliography of Gugu Yalandji people and language resources[permanent dead link], at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies[dead link]
- Bibliography of Gugu Djangun people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Bibliography of Gugu Gulunggur people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Bibliography of Gugu Muluriji people and language resources Archived 12 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Bibliography of Gugu Wakura people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies