Kulaib ibn Rabi'ah al-Taghlibi (Arabic: كليب بن ربيعة التغلبي) also known as Wa'il al-Taghlibi was a pre-Islamic tribal chief and the first of the Adnanites to become a king over them. Under his rule, the Adnanites gained prominence in the Arabian Peninsula over their Qahtanite counterparts. Kulaib's assassination in 494 CE sparked the Basus War.
| Kulaib ibn Rabi'ah al-Taghlibi | |
|---|---|
| King of the Adnanites | |
 A burial mound, which is attributed to be the resting place of Kulaib ibn Rabiah, located in Wadi Khaitan | |
| Reign | Ended in c. 494 CE |
| Predecessor | Position started |
| Successor | al-Jarw ibn Kulaib |
| Died | c. 494 CE Najd, Arabian Peninsula |
| Burial | Wadi Khaitan |
| House | Taghlib |
| Religion | Christianity |
Biography
editFamily
editHis full lineage is given as: Kulaib, son of Rabiah, son of al-Harith, son of Zuhayr, son of Jashm, son of Bakr, son of Habib, son of 'Amr, son of Ghanim, son of Taghlib ibn Wa'il.[1][2] Hence, he is from the Taghlib tribe. Kulaib's descent from Adnan is also confirmed by the fact that Taghlib is descended from Adnan.[2][3] Adnan's descent from the biblical patriarch Ishmael hence makes Kulaib amongst the later generation of Ishmaelites.[4]
Kulaib was the brother of the famous poet 'Udayy ibn Rabiah, more commonly known as Abu Layla al-Muhalhel.[5] Kulaib also had a son named al-Jarw, who would succeed him in the ruling of the Taghlib.[2]
Consolidation of power
editKulaib became very dominant amongst the Adnanite tribes living in Najd at some point of time. Under his command, the Adnanite forces were able to defeat the Qahtanite forces of Himyar and Madhhij.[6] Kulaib's reign paved the way for the Adnanites to attain prominence in the Arabian Peninsula, especially in Najd.[6]
Death
editKulaib ibn Rabi'ah was ultimately murdered by his brother-in-law, Jassas ibn Murrah from the Banu Bakr.[5][6][7] According to the traditional narrative, Kulaib had shot down a prized camel belonging to an influential woman of the Banu Bakr; angering Jassas.[6][7] Jassas then stabbed Kulaib to death.[2]
Cause of the Basus War
editThe assassination of Kulaib made the Taghlib oppose their cousin tribe, the Banu Bakr.[8][9] They fought for forty years, the conflicts between them being known as the Basus War. The Taghlib were originally the victors of the war, but suffered significant losses due to surprise attacks from their rival tribe.[8][9]
Personal life
editPersonality
editKulaib had a brash and arrogant demeanor, but his main interest was the protection of his fellow Adnanites.[5]
Religion
editKulaib might have been an Arab Christian, as the Taghlib were historically a Christian tribe.[3] Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri reports that despite their conversion to Christianity, the religion and its principles were generally ignored by the Arabs whom had converted to it (except for important fundamental aspects like monotheism and rejection of polytheism).[4]
Historicity
editTime period
editThe death of Kulaib is estimated to be around 494 CE, as the events of the Basus War ended around 534 CE after forty years of fighting.[10] The Dictionary of Arab Poets gives a similar estimation of his death date to around 492 CE.
Burial place
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A tomb traditionally attributed to Kulaib is located in Wadi Khaitan between Mecca and Abha.[11][12] It is located in a valley where many water sources are located.[12] In 2008, the site was almost exhumed after a cable car installation was planned at the site, but fortunately the project was relocated.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Caskel, Werner; Strenziok, Gert (1966). Ǧamharat an-nasab: das genealogische Werk des Hišām Ibn-Muḥammad al-Kalbī. Leiden: Brill.
- ^ a b c d "معلومات لم تعرفها من قبل عن كليب بن ربيعة". موسوعة عين المعرفة (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ^ a b Lecker, M. (2000). "Taghlib b. Wāʾil". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 89–93. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7.
- ^ a b Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications. ISBN 978-9960899558
- ^ a b c "The letter Kaf: Kulaib ibn Rabiah". Dictionary of Arab Poets. Maktaba Shamela.
- ^ a b c d Al-Kāmil fi at-Tārikh, ed. Abū l-Fidāʾ ʿAbdallāh al-Qāḍī (11 vols., Beirut: Dār al-kutub al-ʿilmiyya, 1987–2003)
- ^ a b al-Jawaliqi. Sharh 'Adab al-Katib. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
- ^ a b Ibn Abd Rabbih (1937). Kitāb al-ʿIqd al-Farīd [The Unique Necklace]. Morocco: Maktaba At-Ta'lif At-Taryama Wa'l Nasar.
- ^ a b Ahmed Jad Al Mawla (1946). Days Of The Arabs In Pre-Islamic Times (2nd ed.). Egypt: Dar Ihya' al-Kutub al-Arabi.
- ^ Jawad `Ali (1955). Tarikh al-`Arab qabl al-Islam (in Arabic). Majma` al-Ilmi al-Iraqi.
- ^ "Wadi Khaitan". اكتشف العالم. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ^ a b "أين يقع قبر كليب بن ربيعة". موضوع (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ^ "Annexation of Kulaib's grave and it's intended removal for a cable car company". Okaz News. 22 September 2008.