The Kurdish calendar[1][2][3][4][5] is a calendar used in the Kurdistan region of Iraq alongside the Islamic and Gregorian calendar.[6]
History
editThe start of the calendar is marked by the Battle of Nineveh, a conquest of the Assyrians by the Medes in 612 BC.[1][4][3]
Months
editThe names for the months are often derived from society's events in that month.[7]
| Order | Days | Native Script | Romanized | Likely Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | خاکەلێوە | Xakelêwe | |
| 2 | 31 | گوڵان | Gullan | Likely derived from the Kurdish word 'Gul' meaning flower. |
| 3 | 31 | زەردان | Zerdan / Cozerdan | |
| 4 | 31 | پووشپەڕ | Puşperr | |
| 5 | 31 | گەلاوێژ | Gelawêj | Named after the Gelawêj star (Sirius) that becomes visible in this month. |
| 6 | 31 | خەرمانان | Xermanan | Likely derived from the word Kurdish word 'Xerm' meaning warm. |
| 7 | 30 | بەران | Beran / Razbar | |
| 8 | 30 | گێزان | Xezan / Khazalawar | |
| 9 | 30 | ﺳﺎﺮﺍﻦ | Saran / Sermawez | |
| 10 | 30 | بەفران | Befran / Befranbar | Likely derived from the word 'Befr' meaning snow. |
| 11 | 30 | ڕێبەندان | Rêbendan | |
| 12 | 29/30 | ڕەشەمە | Reşeme |
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Kirmanj 2014, pp. 367–384.
- ^ Hirschler 2001, pp. 145–166.
- ^ a b Rafaat 2016, pp. 488–504.
- ^ a b Elis 2004, pp. 193.
- ^ O'Leary, McGarry & Ṣāliḥ 2005, p. 176.
- ^ Kirmanj 2014, pp. 372–373.
- ^ Roshani n.d.
Bibliography
edit- Elis, Hadi (2004). "The Kurdish demand for statehood and the future of Iraq". The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies. 29 (2): 145–166.
- Hirschler, K. (2001). "Defining the Nation: Kurdish Historiography in Turkey in the 1990s" (PDF). Middle Eastern Studies. 37 (3). Informa UK Limited: 145–166. doi:10.1080/714004406. ISSN 0026-3206. S2CID 59445286.
- Kirmanj, Sherko (2014-07-15). "Kurdish History Textbooks: Building a Nation-State within a Nation-State". The Middle East Journal. 68 (3): 367–384. doi:10.3751/68.3.12. ISSN 0026-3141. S2CID 144636394.
- O'Leary, Brendan; McGarry, John; Ṣāliḥ, Khālid (2005). The future of Kurdistan in Iraq. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3870-2. OCLC 57001883.
- Rafaat, Aram (2016-03-07). "The fundamental characteristics of the Kurdish nationhood project in modern Iraq". Middle Eastern Studies. 52 (3). Informa UK Limited: 488–504. doi:10.1080/00263206.2015.1124415. ISSN 0026-3206. S2CID 147220842.
- Roshani, Dilan (n.d.). "Kurdish calendar". Kurdistanica. Archived from the original on 22 February 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2020.