The La Combattante II patrol boat was a type of fast attack craft built in France for export during the 1970s. Some 37 were built in various classes for several navies around the world.
Development
editThe La Combattante II type fast attack craft began as a German-French joint venture, proposed by the German government to combine a Lürssen-designed fast patrol boat with Aerospatiale's Exocet missile. These were intended for export to Israel. However the French government insisted on a French design from Constructions Mécaniques de Normandie (CMN) in Cherbourg and for half the boats in the order to be built in France. In the end the first group of 20 boats to be built were transferred to the German Bundesmarine, for political reasons. They were commissioned in 1968 as the Tiger class. A number of these were later sold on to the navies of Greece, Chile and Egypt.
Following this, between 1968 and 1974 CMN built a further 37 vessels for export. these were known as the La Combattante II type, after the vessel used for trials of the Exocet, the patrol craft La Combattante.[1] These were built for the navies of Iran (12 Kaman class), Malaysia (four Perdana class) and Libya (nine Beir Grassa class). In the same period CMN built 12 fast attack craft to a similar design for Israel (the Sa'ar 1-3 classes) which are included by some sources in the type.
These vessels were typically of 234 tons displacement and 47 m (154 ft 2 in) in length, and a typical armament of one 76 mm (3 in) gun forward, four Exocet missiles in box launchers amidships, and a 40 mm (1.6 in) gun aft, though actual outfits varied according to the operators requirements.[2][3]
Ship list
editIran
editIran ordered 12 ships of the same class (known in Iran as Kaman class), nine of which were delivered in 1977 and 1978, and three of which were delayed until 1981 as a result of the 1979 Islamic Revolution.[4] The Paykan was sunk during Operation Morvarid in 1980, while Joshan was sunk by USS Simpson during Operation Praying Mantis in 1988. These ships are not to be confused with the new Joshan and Paykan, which were named in their memories. Iran built a heavily upgraded version of this class called the Sina class. As of 2012 Iran has built four Sina-class vessels and is building five more of this class.[5]
| Pennant number |
Name | Ordered | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P221 | Kaman | 19 February 1974 | 5 February 1975 | 8 January 1976 | 12 August 1977 | In service |
| P222 | Xoubin | 4 April 1975 | 14 April 1976 | 12 September 1977 | In service | |
| P223 | Khadang | 20 June 1975 | 15 July 1976 | 15 March 1978 | In service | |
| P225 | Joshan | 5 January 1976 | 21 February 1977 | 23 March 1978 | Sunk in 1988 | |
| P224 | Paykan | 15 October 1975 | 12 October 1976 | 31 March 1978 | Sunk in 1980 | |
| P226 | Falakhon | 15 March 1976 | 2 June 1977 | In service | ||
| P227 | Shamshir | 14 October 1974 | 15 May 1976 | 12 September 1977 | In service | |
| P228 | Gorz | 5 August 1976 | 28 December 1977 | 22 August 1978 | In service | |
| P229 | Gardouneh | 18 October 1976 | 23 February 1978 | 11 September 1978 | In service | |
| P230 | Khanjar | 17 January 1977 | 27 April 1978 | 1 August 1981 | In service | |
| P231 | Neyzeh | 12 September 1977 | 5 July 1978 | In service | ||
| P232 | Tabarzin | 24 June 1977 | 15 September 1978 | In service | ||
| Source: Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships (1996)[6] | ||||||
Malaysia
edit| Pennant number |
Name | Commission Year | Class |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3501 | KD Perdana | 21 December 1972 | Perdana |
| 3502 | KD Serang | 31 January 1973 | |
| 3503 | KD Ganas | 28 February 1973 | |
| 3504 | KD Ganyang | 28 March 1973 |
Libya
editA version called the Beir Grassa class, of which 10 were built and 8 were operational as of 1995, were used by the Libyan Navy.[7] One had been sunk and another disabled during a 1986 confrontation with US forces.
| Pennant number |
Name | Commissioned |
|---|---|---|
| 518 | Beir Grassa | |
| 522 | Beir Gzir | |
| 524 | Beir Gitfa | |
| 526 | Beir Glulud | |
| 528 | Beir Algandula | |
| 532 | Beir Ktitat | |
| 536 | Beir Alkardmen | |
| 538 | Beir Alkur | |
| 542 | Beir Alkuesat |
Israel
editAn initial group of six boats was ordered in 1965, with an armament of Bofors 40 mm guns, torpedo tubes and provision for fitting sonar. This group was designated the Sa'ar 1 class. When refitted with Gabriel anti-ship missiles, they became the Sa'ar 2 class.
A second group of six boats, the Sa'ar 3 class, was ordered in 1968, with an OTO Melara 76 mm gun instead of the Bofors guns of the Sa'ar 1 class and with anti-submarine provisions omitted.[8]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Preston p178
- ^ Preston p179
- ^ Conway p127
- ^ Jane's Fighting Ships, 2018–19, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's By IHS Markit, 2018, p. 390.
- ^ رونمایی از زیردریایی فاتح در سال جاری/ ناوشکنهای کلاس جماران در راهند. Fars News Agency (in Persian). Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- ^ Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysaw, eds. (1996), "Iran", Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995, Conway Maritime Press, pp. 186–187, ISBN 978-1557501325
- ^ Jeremy Binnie, London - IHS Jane's Defence Weekly (2013-06-25). "Libyan Navy joins international exercise - IHS Jane's 360". Janes.com. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
- ^ Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 192–193.
References
edit- Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 (1995) Naval Institute Press|, Annapolis ISBN 1-55750-132-7
- Preston, Antony The World's Worst Warships (2002) Conway Maritime Press ISBN 0-85177-754-6