Lac Île-à-la-Crosse[2] is a Y-shaped lake in the north-central region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan along the course of the Churchill River. At the centre of the "Y" is the town of Île-à-la-Crosse, the second oldest town in Saskatchewan. Situated at the confluence of the Churchill and Beaver Rivers, the lake was an important fur trading centre in the 18th and 19th centuries. The lake, and the community of Île-à-la-Crosse, are named after the game of Lacrosse as French voyageurs had witnessed local Indians playing the game on an island in the lake.
| Lac Île-à-la-Crosse | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Lac Île-à-la-Crosse Location in Saskatchewan  Lac Île-à-la-Crosse Lac Île-à-la-Crosse (Canada) | |
| Location | Northern Saskatchewan Administration District |
| Coordinates | 55°26′40″N 107°50′55″W / 55.44444°N 107.84861°W |
| Lake type | Glacial lake |
| Etymology | Lacrosse |
| Primary inflows | |
| Primary outflows | Churchill River |
| Basin countries | Canada |
| Surface area | 46,737.5 ha (115,491 acres) |
| Max. depth | 31.1 m (102 ft) |
| Shore length1 | 1,151.3 km (715.4 mi) |
| Islands |
|
| Settlements | |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |
Lac Île-à-la-Crosse is reached from the south by Highway 155, which follows the Beaver River. On the north side of the mouth of the Beaver River is the Île-à-la-Crosse Indian reserve. On the south side is Fort Black,[3] the site of a former Northwest Trading Company Post.[4] Highway 918 runs along the eastern shore and provides access to Patuanak and the Wapachewunak Indian reserve. The community of Île-à-la-Crosse is reached from Highway 908.[5] There are two airports — Île-à-la-Crosse Airport and Patuanak Airport — on the lake's shores.[6] Around the lake there are recreational opportunities such as camping, boating, swimming, and fishing.
Description
editThe Churchill River exits the north-east arm of Lac Île-à-la-Crosse and flows east to Hudson Bay through a series of lakes. The Churchill enters the lake at the north-west arm, which is called the Aubichon Arm or Deep River. Upstream, the Churchill River leads north-west to Athabasca Country passing through Churchill Lake, Peter Pond Lake, Lac La Loche and then on to the Methye Portage, which leads to Lake Athabasca.[7]
The Beaver River flows into Lac Île-à-la-Crosse from the south and enters on the east-central side. The headwaters of the Beaver are south-west between the upper Athabasca River and the upper North Saskatchewan River in the Lac la Biche area in Alberta.[8]
Fur trade posts
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Given its strategic location, it was a natural stop for early canoe trade routes. Once trade was developed, pemmican was carried up the Beaver River from the buffalo country on the North Saskatchewan. In 1767 Louis Primeau, in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, was reported on the Beaver River which means he must have passed through the lake. In 1776 Primeau, working for Thomas Frobisher of Montreal, built a post on the lake.[9]
In 1776-77, Peter Pond wintered here as did Thomas Frobisher. Around 1786, the Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie, working for Gregory & McLeod, competed with Patrick Small of the North West Company (NWC).[9] In 1787, William McGillivray was a clerk here. In 1782-85, there were three groups of independent traders but, by 1789, they were consolidated into the NWC. Around 1790, McGillivray managed the Churchill River Department of the NWC from here. Here, in 1799, David Thompson married a thirteen or fourteen-year-old Métis daughter of Patrick Small. Unlike most "country marriages" this lasted until his death.[10]
William Linklater of the HBC built a post in 1799. Peter Skene Ogden and Samuel Black of the NWC harassed it. In spring 1811, Peter Fidler was forced to abandon it and the Nor'westers burnt it to the ground. In 1814, the HBC built a new post at a different location. In 1817 or 1818, the NWC built a fence around it. The HBC built a third time and called its post Fort Superior. The two companies were merged in 1821. By around 1980, there was still an HBC warehouse. Most of the posts were located near the town of Île-à-la-Crosse, but either the NWC or the XY Company seems to have had a place on the west side of the mouth of the Beaver River.[9][11]
Recreation
editIle a la Crosse War Veterans Park Campground, also known as Lac Île-à-la-Crosse (South Bay) Recreation Site (55°21′21″N 107°52′03″W / 55.3559°N 107.8676°W),[12] is a provincial recreation site situated on the western shore of Lac Île-à-la-Crosse's South Bay. The park has 22 free, un-serviced campsites, two sandy beaches, a floating dock, and a boat launch. Access is from Highway 155.[13][14]
Farther north along South Bay's western Shore, and also accessed from Highway 155, is Pemmican Lodge. It has lake access, three cabins, and a campground.[15] Adjacent to the community of Île-à-la-Crosse is Northern Eagle Resort. It has a self-contained guest house, camping, and a boat launch.[16] On the eastern shore of Lac Île-à-la-Crosse, is Bearadise Bay Wilderness Camp. It is an outfitters and a "wilderness adventure camp focusing on bear hunting, fishing and wilderness experience".[17] Access is from Highway 918.[18]
Fish species
editFish commonly found in Lac Île-à-la-Crosse include burbot, cisco, lake trout, lake whitefish, longnose sucker, northern pike, walleye, white sucker, and yellow perch.[19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "NASA Visible Earth (BURN SCARS IN SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA) Note: Dark to light rust coloured areas are burn scars from forest fires". 24 August 2002. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
- ^ "Lac Île-à-la-Crosse". Canadian Geographical Names Database. Government of Canada. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ "Fort Black". Canadian Geographical Names Database. Government of Canada. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Meet Île-à-la-Crosse". Sakitawak Conservation Project. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ Marsh, James (19 September 2012). "Île-à-la-Crosse". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Lac Ile A La Crosse Fishing Map". GPS Nautical Charts. Bist LLC. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Hydrological Modelling of Alberta – Beaver River Basin". Alberta Water. Alberta WaterPortal. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ a b c Marchildon, Greg; Sid Robinson (2002). Canoeing the Churchill: A Practical Guide to the Historic Voyageur Highway. Regina: University of Regina. pp. 144–148. ISBN 0-88977-148-0.
- ^ Thompson, David. "Dictionary of Canadian Biography". Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ^ "Northern Saskatchewan". American Forts Network. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ^ "Lac Île-à-la-Crosse (South Bay) Recreation Site". Canadian Geographical Names Database. Government of Canada. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ "Ile a la Crosse War Veteran's Park Campground". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ Lemna, Sam (3 January 2023). "Where to Camp for Free in Saskatchewan". RV Direct Insurance Ltd. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Pemmican Lodge". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Northern Eagle Resort". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Bearadise Bay". Bearadise Bay. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Bearadise Bay". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ Siemens, Matthew. "Lac Île-à-la-Crosse". Sask Lakes. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- Elizabeth Browne Losey, Let Them be Remembered: The Story of the Fur Trade Forts, 1999
- Arthur Morton, A History of Western Canada, no date (1940?)