Lake Choctaw is a manmade lake and reservoir in Luzerne County and Schuylkill County in Pennsylvania, in the United States.[1][2] It has a surface area of 22.1 acres. The lake is situated on Sugarloaf Creek. In the past, the lake had poor water quality and a low pH. However, after the installation of a treatment system on the nearby Oneida Number One Tunnel, the water quality rapidly improved and fish were introduced into it.
| Lake Choctaw | |
|---|---|
  Lake Choctaw  Lake Choctaw | |
| Location | Luzerne County and Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°55′46″N 76°07′49″W / 40.9294°N 76.1304°W |
| Type | manmade lake |
| Primary inflows | Sugarloaf Creek |
| Primary outflows | Sugarloaf Creek |
| Surface area | 22.1 acres (8.9 ha) |
| Shore length1 | 0.85 miles (1.37 km)[1] |
| Surface elevation | 1,266 feet (386 m) |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |
Geography and geology
editThe elevation of Lake Choctaw is 1,266 feet (386 m) above sea level.[2] The lake is on Sugarloaf Creek, but also receives water from the Oneida Number One Tunnel.[1][3]
The only rock formation in the vicinity of Lake Choctaw is the Mauch Chunk Formation. The only soil in the vicinity of the lake is the Hazleton soil. There are some areas prone to flooding immediately south of the lake. However, there are no such areas immediately north of the lake.[4]
The land immediately north and east of Lake Choctaw has a zoning designation of C-1. The land immediately south and west of the lake mainly has the zoning designations of C and R.[4]
Lake Choctaw is dammed by an impoundment.[5] The dam is known as the Lake Choctaw Dam. The dam was considered to be unsafe in 1979.[6] The lake is manmade.[7]
Hydrology
editLake Choctaw was historically highly acidic.[8] However, in modern times, it has become alkaline, with a high pH and concentration of alkalinity.[5][8] It also has a low concentration of aluminum. Additionally, the lake serves as an oxidation/precipitation basin, helping to remove aluminum from the water discharged by the Oneida Number One Tunnel.[5]
Lake Choctaw has been described as "once-dead, [and] totally acidified".[8] However, more recently, its water quality was described as "very good" in the TMDL for Catawissa Creek. The water quality of the lake is expected to improve further in the future.[5]
The pH of Lake Choctaw was between 4.5 and 5.0 prior to the installation of a treatment system at the Oneida Number One Tunnel in 2000.[7] Two months after the installation of the treatment system, it increased to between 6.5 and 7.0.[7][9]
History
editIn the late 20th or early 21st century, the Catawissa Creek Restoration Association was involved in a plan to restore the water quality of Lake Choctaw, along with Sugarloaf Creek, Tomhicken Creek, and Catawissa Creek, using a passive treatment system.[10]
Biology
editHistorically, Lake Choctaw was an infertile lake. However, in modern times, it is stocked with fish provided by the Zion Grove Trout Fishery.[8] These fish include brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout, and minnows.[9] Freshwater jellyfish were observed in the lake in 2007.[11] Additionally, aquatic insects inhabit the lake.[7][9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c United States Geological Survey, The National Map Viewer, archived from the original on March 29, 2012, retrieved September 27, 2014
- ^ a b Topographic Map Reservoir Features in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, retrieved September 27, 2014
- ^ States, United (2006), Review of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's watershed programs: hearing before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Rural Development, and Research of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, December 6, 2005, U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 38, ISBN 9780160755309
- ^ a b Pennsylvania Environmental Council (December 9, 2010), Catawissa Creek Watershed Rivers Conservation Plan (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015, retrieved September 27, 2014
- ^ a b c d Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (March 1, 2003), CATAWISSA CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Carbon, Columbia, Luzerne, and Schuylkill Counties (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2013, retrieved September 28, 2014
- ^ Lancaster Farming, 27 October 1979 PDF, October 27, 1979, retrieved September 28, 2014
- ^ a b c d Kent Jackson (June 16, 2013), Group Effort Sustains Fish in Eagle Rock and Creeks, Standard-Speaker, retrieved September 28, 2014
- ^ a b c d Pennsylvania Organization for Watersheds and Rivers (April 2009), Abandoned mine reclamation in Pennsylvania (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2014, retrieved September 28, 2014
- ^ a b c Penn Future - Testimony - Citizens for Pennsylvania's Future: Working to Protect Pennsylvania's Environment and Economy, October 10, 2012, retrieved September 28, 2014
- ^ Wayne G. Lehman, Watershed of Schuylkill County, retrieved September 27, 2014
- ^ What is the distribution of the freshwater jellyfish in Pennsylvania?, archived from the original on September 26, 2014, retrieved September 28, 2014
External links
edit- Map of the Catawissa Creek watershed Archived 2014-10-13 at the Wayback Machine