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Muzaffargarh District

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This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 November 2024.

Muzaffargarh District (Urdu: ضِلع مُظفّرگڑھ) is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Its capital is Muzaffargarh city. It lies on the bank of the Chenab River.

Muzaffargarh District
ضِلع مُظفّرگڑھ
District of Punjab
Top: Tomb of Sheikh Sadan
Bottom: Fields in Muzaffargarh district
District Government Muzaffargarh
District Government logo
Map of Muzaffargarh District highlighted in red
Map of Muzaffargarh District highlighted in red
Coordinates: 30°4′10″N 71°11′39″E / 30.06944°N 71.19417°E / 30.06944; 71.19417
Country Pakistan
ProvincePunjab, Pakistan Punjab
DivisionDera Ghazi Khan
HeadquartersMuzaffargarh
Government
 • TypeDistrict Government
 • Deputy CommissionerMian Usman Ali [1]
 • District Police OfficerSyed Hasnain Haider[2]
 • District Health OfficerAllah Bux Khan
Area
 • Total4,778 km2 (1,845 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)[3]
 • Total5,015,325
 • Density1,000/km2 (2,700/sq mi)
Literacy
[4]
 • Literacy rate
  • Total:
    (47.99%)
  • Male:
    (55.95%)
  • Female:
    (39.72%)
Time zoneUTC+5 (PST)
Number of Tehsils3
Websitemuzaffargarh.punjab.gov.pk

History

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Muzaffargarh (lit. 'Fort of Muzaffar') was founded by the Saddozai Nawab of Multan, Nawab Muzaffar Khan, in 1794. In 1861 it became the separate Muzaffargarh District. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Muzaffargarh District. Muslim refugees from East Punjab, Haryana, Jammu started arriving and crossed the border into Pakistan; many were given land in Muzaffargarh District to settle.[5]

Administration

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The district is administratively divided into the following three tehsils (subdivisions), which contain a total of 93 Union Councils:[6]

Tehsil No. of Unions
Alipur 14
Jatoi 16
Muzaffargarh 35
Total 65

Demographics

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Population

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951 446,038—    
1961 532,015+1.78%
1972 756,221+3.25%
1981 1,048,243+3.69%
1998 1,827,465+3.32%
2017 4,328,549+4.64%
20235,015,325+2.48%
Sources:[7]

At the time of the 2017 census, Muzaffargarh had a sex ratio of 944 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 43.41% for males and 32.31% for females. 444,264 (14.90%) lived in urban areas. 967,074 (32.44%) were under 10 years of age.[8] In the 2023 census, Muzaffargarh had a population of 5,015,325[9]

Religion

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Religion in Muzaffargarh District
Religious
group 		1941[10]: 62–63  2017 2023[11]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam   360,868 86.29% 2,977,231 99.87% 4,992,312 99.6%
Hinduism  [a] 53,458 12.78% 332 0.01% 706 0.01%
Sikhism   3,280 0.78% — — 100 0%
Christianity   162 0.04% 2,565 0.09% 17,620 0.32%
Ahmadi — — 845 0.03% 1,197 0.02%
Others 426 0.1% 75 0% 189 0%
Total Population 418,194 100% 2,981,048 100% 5,012,124 100%
Note: 1941 figures are for Muzaffargarh and Alipur tehsils of Muzaffargarh District, which roughly corresponds to present-day Muzaffargarh district.
Religious groups in Muzaffargarh District (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group 		1901[12] 1911[13][14] 1921[15] 1931[16] 1941[17]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam   350,177 86.32% 494,915 86.91% 493,369 86.79% 513,265 86.79% 616,074 86.42%
Hinduism  [a] 52,221 12.87% 68,158 11.97% 69,878 12.29% 72,577 12.27% 90,643 12.72%
Sikhism   3,225 0.8% 6,322 1.11% 4,869 0.86% 5,287 0.89% 5,882 0.83%
Christianity   33 0.01% 60 0.01% 356 0.06% 246 0.04% 227 0.03%
Zoroastrianism   0 0% 4 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Jainism   0 0% 1 0% 6 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Buddhism   0 0% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0% 23 0%
Judaism   0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total population 405,656 100% 569,461 100% 568,478 100% 591,375 100% 712,849 100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Muzaffargarh District (1921)[15]
Tehsil Islam   Hinduism   Sikhism   Christianity   Jainism   Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Muzaffargargh Tehsil 154,990 86.79% 22,629 12.67% 655 0.37% 300 0.17% 5 0% 0 0% 178,579 100%
Alipur Tehsil 126,350 86.12% 18,672 12.73% 1,681 1.15% 7 0% 1 0% 0 0% 146,711 100%
Sanawan Tehsil 96,325 88.4% 11,317 10.39% 1,279 1.17% 49 0.04% 0 0% 0 0% 108,970 100%
Leiah Tehsil 115,704 86.21% 17,260 12.86% 1,254 0.93% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 134,218 100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Muzaffargarh District (1941)[17]
Tehsil Islam   Hinduism  [a] Sikhism   Christianity   Jainism   Others[c] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Muzaffargargh Tehsil 192,516 86.96% 27,714 12.52% 962 0.43% 161 0.07% 0 0% 23 0.01% 221,376 100%
Alipur Tehsil 168,352 85.54% 26,144 13.28% 2,318 1.18% 1 0% 0 0% 3 0% 196,818 100%
Kot Adu Tehsil 117,005 87.59% 14,803 11.08% 1,720 1.29% 52 0.04% 0 0% 5 0% 133,585 100%
Leiah Tehsil 138,201 85.8% 21,982 13.65% 882 0.55% 4 0% 0 0% 1 0% 161,070 100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Language

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Languages of Muzaffargarh district (2023) [3]

  Saraiki (89.37%)
  Punjabi (5.19%)
  Urdu (3.99%)
  Others (1.45%)

At the time of the 2023 census, 89.37% of the population spoke Saraiki, 3.99% Urdu and 5.19% Punjabi as their first language.[18]

Ethnicity

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The most famous tribes and races are as under; Khar (offshoot of Kharal tribe), Khokhar, Dasti, Qureshi, Jatoi, Hinjra, Langrial, Thahim, Gopang, Bukhari, Gilani, Rajput, Jat and Arian.[19] The major ethnic group are the Saraiki-speaking Jat forming the majority, with Saraiki-speaking Gujjar, Baloch, Rajputs and Pathan groups in minority.[20][21]

Geography and climate

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Muzaffargarh
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
7.2
 
 
21
5
 
 
9.5
 
 
23
8
 
 
20
 
 
29
14
 
 
23
 
 
36
20
 
 
60
 
 
40
24
 
 
92
 
 
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29
 
 
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25
 
 
1.7
 
 
35
18
 
 
2.3
 
 
29
11
 
 
6.9
 
 
23
6
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: World Meteorological Organization
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.3
 
 
70
40
 
 
0.4
 
 
74
46
 
 
0.8
 
 
83
56
 
 
0.9
 
 
96
67
 
 
2.4
 
 
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3.6
 
 
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83
 
 
5.2
 
 
103
84
 
 
2.9
 
 
100
82
 
 
1.6
 
 
99
77
 
 
0.1
 
 
94
65
 
 
0.1
 
 
83
52
 
 
0.3
 
 
73
42
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Muzaffargarh spreads over an area of 8,249 km2 and forms a strip between the Chenab River on its east and Indus River on its west, which pass along the Eastern and Western boundaries respectively of the district and a triangle at Alipur tehsil of the district. The district is bounded on the north by district Layyah, on the south by Bahawalpur and Rahimyar Khan districts across the river Chenab.

Districts Multan and Khanewal are on the eastern side of district Muzaffargarh, across the river Chenab. District Jhang touches it on the northeast. Dera Gahzi Khan and Rajanpur districts lie on the western side across the river Indus. It is one of oldest districts of Punjab. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the population of the district was 2,635,903, of which 12.75% were urban.[22] Muzaffargarh is one of oldest districts of Punjab.

2010 floods

Muzaffargarh was especially hard hit by the 2010 Pakistan floods, given its position between the Chenab and Indus rivers It is spread over an area of 8,249 km2. Muzaffargarh District lies in the strip between the rivers Chenab and Indus.

The city of Muzaffargarh is located in southern Punjab province at almost the exact centre of Pakistan. The closest major city is Multan. The area around the city is a flat, alluvial plain and is ideal for agriculture, with many citrus and mango farms. There are many canals that cut across the Muzaffargarh District providing water from nearby farms. This makes the land very fertile. However usually land close to the Chenab are usually flooded in the monsoon season.

Climate

Muzaffargarh features a semi arid climate with very hot summers and mild winters. The city witnesses some of the most extreme weather in the country. The highest recorded temperature is approximately 54 °C (129 °F), and the lowest recorded temperature is approximately −1 °C (30 °F). The average rainfall is roughly 427 millimetres (16.8 in). Dust storms are a common occurrence within the city.

The district's towns include Basti Malik Wala, Taliri, Mauza Bahadur Dawana, Dawana Bahadur Peer Rajan Bukhsh, Kot Addu, Khangarh and Hayat Nagar.

Education

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Although Muzaffargarh is one of the oldest and largest districts of Pakistan by area and population, it still has only a single campus of Virtual University of Pakistan. The literacy rate is one of the lowest in the country.[23] District Muzaffargarh has a total of 1,072 male and 1,009 female public sector schools.[24] According to the School Education Department's data, a total of 5,023 male and 4,130 female teachers are employed in public school education sector of the district.[citation needed]

Forests

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An area of 100,864 acres is forested in the district biggest Lashari wala Forest. There is also linear plantation of 1250 A.V. mile the roads/rails/canals in the district. Trees grown in the area are kikar, shisham, millbury, eucalyptus, bamboo and coconut.

Notable people

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ^ Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. ^ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

References

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  1. ^ "Administration of Muzaffargarh District". mgarh.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  2. ^ "DPO Muzaffargarh District Police". www.mgarh.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  3. ^ a b "District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2023)" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  4. ^ "Literacy rate, enrolments, and out-of-school population by sex and rural/urban, CENSUS-2023" (PDF).
  5. ^ Anwar, Ehtasham (2019). "Muzaffargarh District". Government of the Punjab: District Gazetteers. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  6. ^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of Muzaffargarh – Government of Pakistan Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Population by administrative units 1951-1998" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  8. ^ "District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2017)". www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  9. ^ "Pakistan Census 2023" (PDF).
  10. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Pakistan Census 2023" (PDF).
  12. ^ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  14. ^ Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  15. ^ a b "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  16. ^ "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  17. ^ a b India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  18. ^ "Pakistan Census 2023" (PDF).
  19. ^ Fiaz, Hafiz Muhammad; Akhtar, Dr Sohail; Rind, Ayaz Ahmad (31 December 2021). "Socio-cultural Condition of South Punjab: A Case of Muzaffargarh District". International Research Journal of Education and Innovation. 2 (3): 15–34. doi:10.53575/irjei.v2.03(21)2.15-34 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISSN 2710-0448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  20. ^ "Gazetteer of the Muzaffargarh District". Punjab Government Press. 19 June 1884 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ 1998 District Census report of Muzaffargarh. Census publication. Vol. 120. Islamabad: Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. 2000. pp. 21–22.
  22. ^ "Urban Resource Centre". urckarachi.org. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006.
  23. ^ "Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2014–15 Report".
  24. ^ "Punjab Annual Schools Census Data 2014–15". Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
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