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Burundi traditionally had two official languages: Kirundi and French. English became the third official language of the country in 2014. Of these, only Kirundi is spoken by the vast majority of the population. It is recognised as the national language by the Burundian constitution of 2005.[1]
| Languages of Burundi | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Official | Kirundi, French, English |
| National | Kirundi |
| Minority | Swahili |
| Foreign | Arabic, English, Swahili |
| Signed | Burundian Sign Language |
| Keyboard layout | |
Burundi is unusual among African states in having a single indigenous language shared by its entire population. In one estimate, 98 percent of Burundians speak Kirundi.[2] Under Belgian colonial rule (1919–62), Kirundi was taught, whereas under German rule (1894–1916), Swahili had been encouraged.[2] In recent years, the Burundian government has promoted the use of the Kirundi language as a way to unify the country's different ethnic groups.[2]
The country is considered part of Francophonie. As a legacy of Belgian colonial rule, French has an important role in government, business, and the educated classes but only between 3 and 10 percent of the population speak the language fluently.[2] Burundian vernacular French also frequently incorporates loanwords from Kirundi, Lingala and other languages.[2] French is spoken by a significant minority and is spoken mainly as a second language, as a French pidgin, or by foreign residents of the country. English was adopted as part of moves towards regional integration with the East African Community after 2007 but has little effective presence in the country.[2][3]
Spoken languages in Burundi include Swahili which is widely spoken in the Great Lakes region.[2] It is especially used in commerce and in connection with the country's Muslim minority or with immigration from elsewhere in East Africa.[2]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Uwimana, Diane (17 September 2014). "English is now official language of Burundi". Iwacu English News. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Burundi". L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde. Université de Laval. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ Nduwimana, Arcade (7 August 2020). "Should Burundians care about English as a global language?". Africa at LSE. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
Further reading
edit- Ngorwanubusa, Juvénal (2007). "Culture et statut des langues au Burundi pendant la période belge (1916-1962)". In Quaghebeur, Marc; Kangomba, Jean-Claude (eds.). Aspects de la culture à l'époque coloniale en Afrique centrale. Vol. 6. Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 251–270. ISBN 9782296049673.