Laparocerus is a genus of weevils of the family Curculionidae with 264 species and subspecies practically exclusive to central Macaronesia: the archipelagos of Madeira, Salvages and the Canaries. The two species present in western Morocco are attributable to a retro-colonisation from the Canary Islands to Africa. Over some nine million years, this lineage of Entiminae has generated some twenty-four monophyletic branches (subgenera) as a result of successive adaptive and geographic radiations, which have been significantly influenced by the geological dynamics of construction and dismantling typical of volcanic islands.[2]
| Laparocerus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Laparocerus (Atlantis) lamellipes | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Genus: | Laparocerus Schönherr (1834).[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Laparocerus have colonised practically all available habitats: dunes, semi-arid steppes, spurge formations, sclerophyllous forests, evergreen cloud forests, pine forests, high mountain meadows and scrublands, as well as the subterranean environment and volcanic tubes. The morphological diversity correlates with this ample ecological spectrum, with bodies adapted to climbing trees, feeding on shrubs, dwelling in the leaf litter or adapted to subterranean life (some of which are large and blind). Size ranges from 2.2 to 12.7 mm, excluding the rostrum.[3]
Adults are apterous and during the day they remain hidden, mostly buried. They come out at night to eat vegetation and copulate. The notches they leave in the leaves of trees and bushes are characteristic and serve to indicate the presence of these weevils, which are abundant and whose generic name in Spanish is "chascones". The females lay between 100 and 300 eggs (a record 1710 eggs) in clusters that they hide in crevices. Larval development lasts between 4 and 6 months but can continue up to a year if they enter diapause. The larvae are free-living and feed on plant roots. Adults live for 2 to 6 months[4]
Very few species occasionally leave natural habitats and cause damage to vines, peppers or other vegetables that are cultivated in their range. The survival of some very localised species is threatened, but in general and being so prolific, the conservation of most Laparocerus is not of concern.
This genus holds the record for biodiversity in Macaronesia and is an ideal model group for evolutionary studies.[3]
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) arrochai Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) bellus Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) cristatus Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) fernandezi Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) incomptus (Wollaston, 1865)
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) ruteri Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) subnebulosus (Wollaston, 1864)
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) tanausu Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) tetricus (Boheman, 1834)
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) tibialis isorae Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) tibialis tibialis (Wollaston, 1864)
- Laparocerus (Amyntas) uyttenboogaarti (Zumpt, 1940)
- Laparocerus (Anillobius) portosantoi (Franz, 1970)
- Laparocerus (Anillobius) rhizophilus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Anillobius) solifuga (Fauvel, 1907)
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) chinijo Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) colonnellii Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) dispar Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) inexpectatus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) rasus betancor Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) rasus jandiensis Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) rasus rasus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) susicus montanus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) susicus susicus (Escalera, 1914)
- Laparocerus (Aridotrox) xericola Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) calcatrix (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) clavatus (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) lamellipes hobbit Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) lamellipes lamellipes (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) lindbergi Roudier, 1963
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) madeirensis Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) noctivagans lauripotens (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) noctivagans noctivagans (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) serrado Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) undulatus Wollaston, 1862
- Laparocerus (Atlantis) vespertinus (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) colasi Roudier, 1958
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) erberi Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) inconstans (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) instabilis (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) lanatus (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) mendax (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) navicularis (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Atlantodes) prainha Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) bentejui bentejui Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) bentejui delicatulus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) bentejui robustus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) exiguus Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) exophthalmus cisti Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) exophthalmus exopthalmus Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) feloi Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) longiclava Lindberg, 1953
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) magnificus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) mateui mateui Roudier, 1954
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) mateui tuberosus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) mendicus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) morrisi Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) oculatissimus Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) rotundatus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) sanchezi arures Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) sanchezi sanchezi Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Belicarius) tarsalis Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) bolivari Uyttenboogaart, 1937
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) boticarius Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) combrecitensis Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) crassifrons Wollaston, 1863
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) edaphicus Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) escaleraorum Uyttenboogaart, 1937
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) gomerensis Lindberg, 1953
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) grossepunctatus commixtus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) grossepunctatus grossepunctatus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) scapularis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) subparallelus Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) supranubius Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) tenuepunctatus oppositus Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) tenuepunctatus tenuepunctatus Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Bencomius) undatus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Bentaygus) brunneus Lindberg, 1953
- Laparocerus (Bentaygus) propinquus Lindberg, 1953
- Laparocerus (Bentaygus) vicinus Lindberg, 1953
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) abona Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) acyphus Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) aeneotinctus aeneotinctus Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) aeneotinctus femoralis Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) aguiari Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) crassus Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) estevezi Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) inaequalis globulipennis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) inaequalis hirtus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) inaequalis inaequalis Wollaston, 1863
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) occidentalis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) rugosicollis Uyttenboogaart, 1937
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) tauce Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Canariotrox) vestitus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Doramasius) fraudulentus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Doramasius) grayanus (Wollaston, 1865)
- Laparocerus (Doramasius) hystricoides Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Doramasius) inconspectus Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Doramasius) semipilosus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) alluaudi Uyttenboogaart, 1940
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) anniversarius Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) arcanus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) aytamis Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) canutus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) dissidens dissidens Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) dissidens spolonifer Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) reptans Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) squamosus (Brullé, 1839)
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) tasarticus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Faycanius) vallei Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) anagae Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) anisomorphus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) campestris campestris Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) campestris garafianus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) hadrocerus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) impressicollis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) macilentus Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) persimilis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) pitys Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) sculptipennis montivagans Machado, 2013
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) sculptipennis sculptipennis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) seriesetosus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) sonchiphagus Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) subcalvus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) subnodosus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) tenicola Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Fernandezius) tesserula Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) acutipennis Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) benchijigua Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) confusus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) crotchi Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) decipiens Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) depressus Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) gracilis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) idafe García & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2011
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) indutus Wollaston, 1865
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) juelensis eremita Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) juelensis juelensis Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) orone aridane Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) orone hierrensis Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) orone orone Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) puncticollis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) scitulus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) spinimanus Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) subopacus divergens Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Fortunotrox) subopacus subopacus Wollaston, 1865
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) amicorum Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) astralis Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) canariensis Boheman, 1842
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) cephalotes Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) debilis Wollaston, 1865
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) dissimilis alticola Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) dissimilis dissimilis Lindberg, 1950
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) dissimilis infernalis Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) elongatus denudatus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) elongatus elongatus Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) elongatus mucronatus Machado, 2009
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) gerodes Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) humeralis Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) junonius Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) marmoratus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) obscurus daute Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) obscurus obscurus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) obtriangularis Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) ornatus Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) roudieri Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) tafadensis Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) tinguaro tabornoi Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) tinguaro tinguaro Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Guanchotrox) tirmensis Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Guayre) auarita Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guayre) bimbache Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Guayre) freyi canescens Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guayre) freyi freyi Uyttenboogaart, 1940
- Laparocerus (Guayre) freyi punctiger Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Guayre) freyi vicarius Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Guayre) garretai albosquamosus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Guayre) garretai garretai Uyttenboogaart, 1940
- Laparocerus (Guayre) microphthalmus Lindberg, 1950
- Laparocerus (Guayre) obsitus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Guayre) osorio Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Guayre) rugosivertex Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Guayre) tessellatus (Brullé, 1839)
- Laparocerus (Guayre) tirajana Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') bacalladoi Machado, 2005
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') depilis Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') ellipticus Wollaston, 1863
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') heres heres Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') heres jocoensis Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') inflatus Wollaston, 1865
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') pilosiventris Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus ('incertae sedis') sanctaecrucis Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Laparocerus) chaoensis cevadae Roudier, 1961
- Laparocerus (Laparocerus) chaoensis chaoensis Uyttenboogaart, 1940
- Laparocerus (Laparocerus) cryptus Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Laparocerus) distortus (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Laparocerus) morio Boheman, 1834
- Laparocerus (Lichenophagus) acuminatus (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Lichenophagus) fritillus (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) aethiops aethiops Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) aethiops garajonay Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) cavernarius Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) chasnensis Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) dacilae García, 1998
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) excavatus excavatus Wollaston, 1863
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) excavatus prosenemus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) hupalupa furtivus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) hupalupa hupalupa Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) hypogeus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) inermis inermis Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) inermis majonae Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) iruene Machado & García, 2010
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) laevis Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) machadoi García & González, 2006
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) oromii Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) sculptus (Brullé, 1839)
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) zarazagai criniger Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) zarazagai subreflexus Machado & García, 2010
- Laparocerus (Machadotrox) zarazagai zarazagai García & Oromí, 1997
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) amplificatus (Wollaston, 1865)
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) auctus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) buccatrix (Wollaston, 1865)
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) dilutus Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) merigensis Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) notatus Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) quadratus Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Mateuius) teselinde Machado, 2015
- Laparocerus (Nanotrox) buenavistae Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Nanotrox) palmensis Lindberg, 1953
- Laparocerus (Nanotrox) seminitens Lindberg, 1950
- Laparocerus (Nanotrox) tenellus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Nanotrox) transversus Lindberg, 1950
- Laparocerus (Pecoudius) compactus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Pecoudius) eliasenae (Uyttenboogaart, 1929)
- Laparocerus (Pecoudius) franzi Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Pecoudius) sulcirostris Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Pecoudius) teldensis Machado, 2012
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) crassirostris Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) federico Machado, 2018
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) lepidopterus lepidopterus Wollaston, 1864
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) lepidopterus pecoudi Roudier, 1957
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) lopezi Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) moyanus Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) mulagua Machado, 2007
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) separandus Lindberg, 1953
- Laparocerus (Proteotrox) soniae Machado, 2016
- Laparocerus (Pseudatlantis) abditus Roudier, 1963
- Laparocerus (Pseudatlantis) excelsus (Wollaston. 1854)
- Laparocerus (Pseudatlantis) schaumii forae (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Pseudatlantis) schaumii schaumii (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Pseudatlantis) silvaticus Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Pseudatlantis) stuebeni Machado, 2008
- Laparocerus (Purpuranius) calvus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Purpuranius) curvipes curvipes Lindberg, 1950
- Laparocerus (Purpuranius) curvipes espanoli Roudier, 1954
- Laparocerus (Purpuranius) curvipes famarae Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Purpuranius) fraterculus Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Purpuranius) longipennis Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Purpuranius) maxorata Machado, 2011
- Laparocerus (Wollastonius) aenescens (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Wollastonius) angustulus (Wollaston, 1857)
- Laparocerus (Wollastonius) desertarum Machado, 2021
- Laparocerus (Wollastonius) ventrosus (Wollaston, 1854)
- Laparocerus (Wollastonius) waterhousei (Wollaston, 1854)
References
edit- ^ "Laparocerus Schoenherr, 1834". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ Machado, Antonio; Rodríguez-Expósito, Eduardo; López, Mercedes; Hernández, Mariano (2017-02-02). "Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)". ZooKeys (651): 1–77. doi:10.3897/zookeys.651.10097. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 5345357. PMID 28331386.
- ^ a b Machado, Antonio (2022). The Macaronesian Laparocerus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). Taxonomy, phylogeny, and natural history. Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Publicaciones Turquesa. p. 681. ISBN 978-84-16785-99-5.
- ^ Machado, Antonio, Agustín, Aguiar (2019). "Observaciones sobre la biología reproductora de Laparocerus Schoenherr, 1834 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)". Vieraea. 44: 279–314. doi:10.31939/vieraea.2019.46.tomo01.13. S2CID 248600882 – via ResearchGate.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel Ángel /editor (2023). Cooperative catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea (2nd ed.). Zaragoza: Sociedad entomológica aragonesa. p. 780. ISBN 978-84-126135-0-6.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help)
This article needs additional or more specific categories. (June 2023) |