The Lapland Shield (German: Lapplandschild) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to military personnel of General Franz Böhme’s 20th Mountain Army which fought a two-front campaign against advancing Finnish and Soviet Red Army forces in Lapland between November 1944 and the war’s end in May 1945. It was awarded to men who had "honorably served" for six months in the region or had been wounded during operations there. It was authorized in February 1945 and was the last officially instituted German campaign shield of the war.[1][2]
| Lapland Shield Lapplandschild | |
|---|---|
 Later produced example of the shield | |
| Type | Badge |
| Awarded for | Actions against Allied forces in Northern Norway |
| Description | Commemorative shield worn on upper left sleeve of uniform |
| Presented by | Nazi Germany |
| Eligibility | Military personnel |
| Campaign(s) | World War II |
| Status | Obsolete |
| Established | February 1945 |
With the shield having been approved and designed shortly before the war's end, early recipients had the award noted in their military pay book in March 1945. However, presentation of the shield only began in July 1945, after Germany's surrender,[2][3] with some awards recorded in pay books as late as August 1945.[4]
Design
editA basic shield with flat top and rounded base, it incorporates an eagle at the top but without a swastika. Directly below this, is "LAPPLAND" in capital letters, with a map of the region beneath. Four small holes were punched in the shield to allow it to be sewn on the upper left sleeve of the uniform, with no back-plate or uniform cloth section attached.[2]
At the end of the war, while the disarmed German forces in Lapland were awaiting repatriation, they remained under the command of their own officers and had a functioning military bureaucracy. Although authorized earlier, it was only in this immediate post-war period that the Lapland Shield was manufactured and distributed. Locally produced, the awards were crudely made with variations in style and metal, with most made of aluminum or zinc.[4][5] This post-war manufacture may explain the absence of the swastika symbol from the final design.[4]
The Lapland Shield was not among those Nazi era military decorations authorized for official wear by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957.[6]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Ailsby 1987, p. 108.
- ^ a b c Angolia 1987, pp. 284, 285.
- ^ Nimmergut 2001, p. 2266.
- ^ a b c Williamson 2002, p. 23.
- ^ Littlejohn & Dodkins 1968, pp. 146–147.
- ^ German Federal regulation 1996, pp. 583–593, Anlage 13: Orden und Ehrenzeichen.
References
edit- Ailsby, Christopher (1987). Combat Medals of the Third Reich. Harpercollins. ISBN 978-0850598223.
- Angolia, John (1987). For Führer and Fatherland: Military Awards of the Third Reich. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 0912138149.
- Littlejohn, David; Dodkins, Colonel C. M. (1968). Orders, Decorations, Medals and Badges of the Third Reich. R. James Bender Publishing, California. ISBN 978-0854200801.
- Nimmergut, Jörg (2001). Deutsche Orden und Ehrenzeichen bis 1945. Band 4. Zentralstelle für Wissenschaftliche Ordenskundeg. ISBN 3-00-001396-2.
- Williamson, Gordon (2002). World War II German Battle Insignia. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1841763527.
- German Federal regulation (1996). Dienstvorschriften Nr. 14/97. Bezug: Anzugordnung für die Soldaten der Bundeswehr. ZDv 37/10.