Layard's palm squirrel or flame-striped jungle squirrel (Funambulus layardi) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae endemic to Sri Lanka. The validity of the subspecies F. l. dravidianus based on a single specimen from the southern tip of India has been questioned,[3] and is probably a juvenile F. sublineatus.[1] Known as මූකලන් ලේනා (mukalan lena) in Sinhala.
| Layard's palm squirrel | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Sciuridae |
| Genus: | Funambulus |
| Species: | F. layardi
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| Binomial name | |
| Funambulus layardi (Blyth, 1849)
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| Subspecies[2] | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Funambulus layardi Robinson, 1917 | |
Distribution
editIt is endemic to the central highlands of Sri Lanka. Few observations are known out of central hills, such as from Trincomalee and Matara districts, but it remains unresolved. It can be seen in Knuckles mountain range and other high altitude ranges in western basin of the central hills.
Description
editIts head and body length is 12–17 cm, with a 14-cm tail. In color, it is blackish brown with three stripes on its dorsum; the central stripe is broadest and longest with an orange hue in F. signatus, yellow in F. layardi. Its underparts are reddish orange in color, and its snout is small.[4] Tail bushy and blackish brown with some red in it. Some individuals also possess some grizzling appearance on it. Fur is soft, short and dense.[5]
Habitat and ecology
editIts natural habitat is subtropical and tropical moist lowland forests or subtropical and tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is a diurnal species as other squirrels of the genus and forage in full daytime. They are found on canopy level in forests, where they spend little time on ground. With night falls, they start to become noisy.
The main predators of this little creature are snakes, raptor birds, civets and small cats. Mongooses can be predators when they land on the ground floor.
Diet
editUnlike other squirrels, they are slightly omnivores that eat fruits, young shoots, nuts and also insects when herbivore diets scarce.
Reproduction
editThey live as a pair until death, so pair-bonding is high. About 3 offspring are produced per time within a nest made by grass, leaves and fiber plant parts in forest canopy. Breeding season is change with the rainy seasons.[5]
Conservation
editThey are protected under the law and strictly prohibited of catching and hunting. But logging, and habitat destruction are the major threats for their lives. The population is declining in each year.
References
edit- ^ a b de A. Goonatilake, W.L.D.P.T.S. (2016). "Funambulus layardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8700A22260033. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T8700A22260033.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Thorington, R.W. Jr.; Hoffmann, R.S. (2005). "Family Sciuridae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd ed.). The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 754–818. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. OCLC 26158608.
- ^ Srinivasulu C; S Chakraborty & MS Pradhan (2004). "Checklist of Sciurids (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) of South Asia" (PDF). Zoos' Print Journal. 19 (2): 1351–1360. doi:10.11609/jott.zpj.19.2.1351-60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-06-03. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
- ^ "Layard's palm squirrel photo - Funambulus layardi - G125809 | ARKive". Archived from the original on 2015-01-10. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
- ^ a b Yapa, A.; Ratnavira, G. (2013). Mammals of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka. p. 1012. ISBN 978-955-8576-32-8.
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