Benhur León Adalberto Zuleta Ruíz (18 November 1952 – 23 August 1993)[1] commonly known as León Zuleta, was a Colombian professor, writer, philosopher, journalist and LGBT activist. He was the cofounder of the Movimiento de Liberación Homosexual (English: Homosexual Liberation Movement) with activist Manuel Velandia; with Velandia he was also the co-organizer of the first Colombian pride parade, which was held in Bogotá.[2]
León Zuleta | |
|---|---|
| Born | 18 November 1952 Itagüí, Antioquia Department, Colombia |
| Died | 23 August 1993 (aged 40) Medellín, Antioquia Department |
| Cause of death | Murder |
| Alma mater | University of Antioquia |
| Occupation(s) | Professor and writer |
| Employer(s) | University of Antioquia University of Nariño Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia |
Biography
editZuleta was born on 18 November 1952 in Itagüí, to a working working class but intellectual family. He was the fourth of 13 children had by Próspero Zuleta, a professional carpenter, atheist, and socialist; and Esperanza Ruiz, a housewife who shared his ideas.[3]
Youth
editFor his baccalaureate degree he attended the lyceum of the University of Antioquia between 1966 and 1971. During this time, he joined the Communist Colombian Youth (JUCO).[4] In 1974, he began studying philosophy and literature at the University of Antioquia and graduated in 1979 but was expelled from JUCO for being homosexual. The 23rd congress of the Colombian Communist Party recognized this as an error and within the party's renewed gender approach. Zuleta interacted with feminists at the University of Antioquia, such as María Lady Londoño,[5] with whom he held marches and talks regarding issues including advocacy for the decriminalization of abortion.[1]
Professor
editIn 1973, he started his professional career as an ad honorem professor at the lyceum of the Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana. In 1980, he moved to Pasto to work as a professor at the faculty of philosophy and humanities of the University of Nariño. In 1984, he was forced to resign due to his ideological difference, past union membership, and issue with his sexuality. That same year, he began studying for his master's degree in psychopedagogy at the University of Antioquia;[6] during this time he began working in Amnesty International. In 1991, he moved to Chiquinquirá to become a professor at the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia.
Activism
editZuleta believed the gay liberation movement should begin at phycological liberation.[7] In 1977, he founded the magazine El Otro, which served to vindicate homosexuals and be a means of communication for them; it circulated from 1977 to 1979.[8] In 1979, he founded a homonymous newspaper, which exposed ideas of the homosexual liberation movement. A communist newspaper claimed the number of supporters was 10,000, which was a lie; it was used to motivate people to join Zuleta in creating a true homosexual liberation movement. The only person to respond was Manuel Velandia.[9]
On 28 June 1977, the Movimiento de Liberación Homosexual de Colombia (English: Homosexual Liberation Movement of Colombia) was founded by Manuel Velandia, León Zuleta, and Guillermo Cortés. At the decade's end, the MLHC pushed for the decriminalization of homosexuality in the 1980 penal code, which was achieved with decree 100. On 28 June 1983,[10] in Bogotá, they held the first LGBT Pride March in Bogotá in Colombia, which is said to have had 32 participants, whom painted their faces to avoid recognition.[7]
Murder
editOn 23 August 1993, Zuleta was found stabbed in his apartment in eastern Medellín. His murder was never investigated but is believed to be a hate crime.[11]
León Zuleta awards
editAs of 2022, for 14 years La Mesa LGBT Bogotá has awarded people and institutions for defending and integrating the LGBT community and is in its fourteenth edition.[12]
In Medellín, the LGBTI Social Alliance of Antioquia and mayor's office of Medellín[13] also gifts a homonymous award. In 2022, it was in its seventh edition.[14]
Work
editThroughout his life León Zuleta produced an extensive number of articles, poems, novels, and essays:[6]
Poems
edit- Poemarios, laberinto de futuro a presente (1969)
- Libro de la errancia (1974)
- Libro de los raptos (1975)
- Jaulas doradas las ciudades (1977)
- Terra incógnita (1979)
- Libro de los astros errantes (1981)
- Lectura inversa de una taza de té (1983)
- Primer libro de los sueños (1985)
- Provecta poémica (1985)
- Laberinto las urbes (1987)
- Laberinto solar (1989)
- Orbis pictus – Oníricas (1989)
- Soles en rotación – Sueños (1990)
Novels
edit- Bazuko Street (1984)
- El suicida en la salita de estar (1984)
- Atomitrón (1987)
Books
edit- De semas y plebes (1996) (Posthumanous)
References
edit- ^ a b "A 25 años del homicidio de León Zuleta, precursor del movimiento LGBT en Colombia". Barranquilla. Caribe Afirmativo. 22 August 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
- ^ "Tras 39 años de la primera marcha LGBTI ¿Cuál es el panorama?". Bogotá. Pulzo. 25 June 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ "León Zuleta, uno de los pioneros del movimiento LGBT de Colombia". Sentiido. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
- ^ Tapia Jauregui, Tania (11 September 2017). "León Zuleta: el padre del movimiento LGBTI que Colombia olvidó". ¡Pacifista tv!. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ Medellín, Colombia. 2003, Conferencia sobre la Historia de los movimientos homosexuales en Colombia, University of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine.
- ^ a b Correa Montoya, Guillermo. "Zuleta, León". Diccionario biográfico de las izquierdas latinoamericanas.
- ^ a b Moreno, Alexander; Ardila, Ruben; Zervoulis, Karyofyllis; Nel, Juan A.; Light, Earnest; Chamberland, Line (2 April 2020). "Cross-cultural perspectives of LGBTQ psychology from five different countries: current state and recommendations". Psychology & Sexuality. 11 (1–2): 12. doi:10.1080/19419899.2019.1658125.
- ^ Libro Raros, Historia cultural de la homosexualidad en Medellín (1890 – 1980). Guillermo Correa Montoya.
- ^ "León Zuleta: marica y polimórfico perverso". Seminario Voz. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ Caro Romero, Felipe (18 April 2022). "1982 o 1983: ¿Cuándo fue la primera marcha del orgullo en Colombia?". Bogotá. Sentiido. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ "Asesinado Ex Profesor". Medellín. El Tiempo. 26 August 1993. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
- ^ "Unidad de Búsqueda de Personas dadas por Desaparecidas recibe galardón León Zuleta como 'Entidad pública incluyente'". Unidad de Busqueda de Personas dadas por Desaparecidas.
- ^ "En Medellín se entregaron los Galardones León Zuleta por acciones a favor de la población LGBTIQ+". Medellín. Confidencial Colombia. 26 June 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ "Medellín celebra la marcha LGBTIQ+ y entrega los galardones León Zuleta de manera virtual". Alcaldía de Medellín.