Leland Laflin "Lee" Summers (March 6, 1871 – March 10, 1927) was an American consulting engineer. As an expert on both military technology and chemical manufacturing, he worked as an advisor for the War Industries Board during World War I and served as their representative in Europe.
Leland L. Summers | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).png) Summers in a 1923 publication | |
| Born | Leland Laflin Summers March 6, 1871 Cleves, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | March 10, 1927 (aged 56) |
| Resting place | Woodstock, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Consulting Engineer |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
Biography
editLeland Laflin Summers was born in Cleves, Ohio, on March 6, 1871, to Emma (née Porter) and Charles H. Summers. His family moved to the Chicago area, where he graduated from Highland Park High School in 1886. Summers then received private instruction in mathematics, physics and engineering before taking a job as an assistant electrician with the Western Union Telegraph Company in 1889. After three years, he took a job as an electrician with the Postal Telegraph Cable Company.[1][2]
In 1894, Summers returned to Chicago to set up a practice as a consulting engineer.[1][2] Starting from his work experience in electrical engineering, he expanded his expertise into chemical, mechanical and hydraulic engineering.[2][3] Summers was awarded twenty-seven U.S. patents between March 1901 and March 1926.[4]
In 1911, Summers began to learn about military technology. This ranged from the chemical processes and raw materials used to produce high explosives to the mechanical engineering of guns. Summers took a special interest in Germany, where the synthetic chemical industry was more established than in America. So extensive was his knowledge that, in 1915 during a meeting with British artillery officers, Royal Marine general Leonard Thales Pease mistakenly assumed that he was a retired American artillery officer.[3]
In 1914, Summers moved his engineering practice from Chicago to New York City. From 1915 to 1917, he was an advisor to J.P. Morgan & Co. on the munitions market.[2] Among those he advised there was Edward R. Stettinius.[5] In 1917, Summers became an advisor to Bernard Baruch and followed him onto the War Industries Board.[3][6] He supervised both the explosives and the chemicals work of the Board until March F. Chase and Charles H. MacDowell arrived in Washington, D.C. to assume those two respective responsibilities.[7] In 1918, Summers was sent to Europe to represent the Board in discussions with the Allied European munitions industry.[8] In 1919, he served as technical advisor to the American Commission to Negotiate Peace in Paris.[9]
After the war, Summers was made an officer of the Legion of Honour by France, a commander of the Order of the Crown by Belgium and an officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy.[2][5] In 1923, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal by the War Department.[10]
Summers served as an expert witness for the plaintiffs in the 1924–1926 patent infringement suit of William P. Deppe and the Deppe Motors Corporation against the General Motors Corporation.[5][11]
Personal
editOn April 4, 1899, Summers married Chicago journalist Eve Hadday Brodlique in London, Ontario. On December 3, 1900, their first child, Lesley, died in Chicago at the age of seven months.[1][12] Their second child, Llewelyn Leland Brodlique Summers (25 September 1903 – 21 March 1948),[1][13] married Margaret Grace Shotwell, the daughter of Columbia University history professor James T. Shotwell.[14] Lee and Eve Summers had one granddaughter.[13][15]
On March 10, 1927, Summers died at his home "Summerslea" in Whitestone, Queens.[5] Among those who attended his funeral service were Bernard Baruch, Hamlin Garland, Alexander Legge and Lorado Taft.[16] His remains were interred in Woodstock, New York.[15]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Leonard, John W. (1905). "Summers, Leland Laflin". The Book of Chicagoans: A Biographical Dictionary of Leading Living Men of the City of Chicago. Chicago, Illinois: A. N. Marquis & Company. p. 558. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Marquis, Albert Nelson (1924). "Summers, Leland Laflin". Who's Who in America. Vol. 13. Chicago, Illinois: A. N. Marquis & Company. p. 3092. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ a b c Clarkson, Grosvenor B. (1923). Industrial America in the World War: The Strategy Behind the Line, 1917–1918. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 88–91. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ "Leland L Summers". Google Patents. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "L. L. Summers Dies; A Noted Engineer: Technical Adviser to the War Industries Board Found Lifeless in His Bed" (PDF). The New York Times. March 11, 1927. p. 21. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ Garland, Hamlin (1928). Back-Trailers from the Middle Border. New York, New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 84–85. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ Weidlein, Edward R. (November 1919). "Chemicals Division, War Industries Board". The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Vol. 11, no. 11. p. 1006. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States: 1918 Supplement 1, The World War. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1933. p. 600. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ "Composition and Functions of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, May 1, 1919". Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
- ^ American Decorations: A List of Awards of the Congressional Medal of Honor, the Distinguished-Service Cross and the Distinguished-Service Medal Awarded Under Authority of the Congress of the United States. 1862–1926. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1927. p. 773. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ "General Motors Loses Patent Suit: Federal Court Upholds Deppe's Claims of Infringement on Combustion Devices" (PDF). The New York Times. October 21, 1926. p. 35. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ "Illinois Statewide Death Index, Pre-1916". Illinois State Archives, Office of the Secretary of State. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ a b "Llewelyn B. Summers" (PDF). The New York Times. March 24, 1948. p. 25. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ "Miss M. G. Shotwell Has Home Wedding: Bride of Llewelyn Summers Is Daughter of Professor of History at Columbia" (PDF). The New York Times. October 25, 1937. p. 24. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ a b "Mrs. L. L. Summers, Drama Ex-Critic: Former New York Resident Had Served Chicago Post, Times—Saw Victoria's Jubilee" (PDF). The New York Times. October 13, 1949. p. 27. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ "Funeral of Leland L. Summers" (PDF). The New York Times. March 13, 1927. p. 26. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
External links
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Media related to Leland L. Summers at Wikimedia Commons
