Lepismatidae is a family of primitive wingless insects with about 190 described species. This family contains the two most familiar members of the order Zygentoma: the silverfish (Lepisma saccharinum) and the firebrat (Thermobia domestica). It is one of five families in the order Zygentoma.
| Lepismatidae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Silverfish | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Zygentoma |
| Family: | Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802 |
| Subfamilies[1] | |
| |
Lepismatids are elongated, flattened insects, the majority of which are scavengers. The abdomen is usually clothed in tiny scales and terminates with three "tails" of roughly equal length. The compound eyes are small and well separated.
They typically live in warm, damp environments, including indoors. They avoid light.[2]
Genera
editThese subfamilies[3] and genera belong to the family Lepismatidae:[4][5][6][7]
- Acrotelsinae Mendes, 1991
- Acrotelsa Escherich, 1905
- Anisolepisma Paclt, 1967
- Desertinoma Kaplin, 1992
- Lepismina Gervais, 1844
- Paracrotelsa Paclt, 1967
- Primacrotelsa Mendes, 2004
- Ctenolepismatinae Mendes, 1991
- Acrotelsella Silvestri, 1935
- Asiolepisma Kaplin, 1989
- Caribesella Molero-Baltanás, Gaju-Ricart, & Smith, 2024
- Ctenolepisma Escherich, 1905
- Gopsilepisma Irish, 1990
- Hyperlepisma Silvestri, 1932
- Leucolepisma Wall, 1954
- Monachina Silvestri, 1908
- Mormisma Silvestri, 1938
- Namibmormisma Irish, 1989
- Nebkhalepisma Irish, 1989
- Ornatilepisma Irish, 1989
- Psammolepisma Irish, 1989
- Sabulepisma Irish, 1989
- Sceletolepisma Wygodzinsky, 1955
- Stylifera Stach, 1932
- Swalepisma Irish, 1989
- Thermobia Bergroth, 1890
- Heterolepismatinae Mendes, 1991
- Heterolepisma Escherich, 1905
- Maritisma Smith & Mitchell, 2019
- Visma Smith, Mitchell, & Molero-Batanás, 2021
- Lepismatinae Latreille, 1802
- Afrolepisma Mendes, 1981
- Allacrotelsa Silvestri, 1935
- Anallacrotelsa Mendes, 1996
- Lepisma Linnaeus, 1758
- Lepitrochisma Mendes, 1988
- Neoasterolepisma Mendes, 1988
- Tricholepisma Paclt, 1967
- Xenolepisma Mendes, 1981
- Mirolepismatinae Mendes, 1901
- Mirolepisma Silvestri, 1938
- Prolepismina Silvestri, 1940
- Silvestrellinae Mendes, 1991
- Hemikulina Mendes, 2008
- Hemilepisma Paclt, 1967
- Namunukulina Wygodzinsky, 1957
- Silvestrella Escherich, 1905
- incertae sedis
- Apteryskenoma Paclt, 1952
- Panlepisma Silvestri, 1940
There are several genera known only from fossils:
- † Burmalepisma Mendes & Poinar, 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- † Cretalepisma Mendes & Wunderlich, 2013 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- † Onycholepisma Pierce, 1951
- † Protolepisma Mendes & Poinar, 2013 Dominican amber, Miocene
Parasites
editMember of the Strepsiptera family Mengenillinidae exclusively parasitise members of Lepismatidae. Host-species relationships include: Eoxenos laboulbenei on Tricholepisma aureum, Neoasterolepisma wasmanni and N. palmonii; Mengenilla parvula on Sceletolepisma michaelseni; Mengenilla nigritula on Ctenolepisma ciliatum and Ctenolepisma sp.; Mengenilla laevigata, M. quasita, M. spinulosa and M. subnigrescens on C. lineatum; and an unidentified species of Strepsiptera on Mormisma peyerimhoffi.[8]
Parasitic Apicomplexa are often found in the intestinal tract, especially the crop, of Lepismatidae. Ctenolepisma lineatum contains on average 15 parasite specimens per animal.[9] Several species of gregarine parasites have been recorded from the intestinal tract of the gray silverfish:[8]
| Lepismatidae species | gregarine parasites |
|---|---|
| Acrotelsa collaris | Colepismatophila watsonae, Garnhamia aciculata, Lepismatophila thermobiae |
| Ctenolepisma calvum | Colepismatophila burti, Garnhamia aciculata, Lepismatophila orientalis |
| Ctenolepisma lineatum | Lepismatophila parva, Lepismatophila ctenolepismae |
| Ctenolepisma longicaudatum | Garnhamia aciculata, Lepismatophila ctenolepismae |
| Ctenolepisma nigrum | Colepismatophila buckleyi, Lepismatophila orientalis |
| Ctenolepisma sp. | Garnhamia aciculata, Lepismatophila cornwalli |
| Lepisma saccharinum | Gregarina lagenoides, Lepismatophila thermobiae, unidentified Colepismatophila species and Gregarinidae species |
| Thermobia domestica | Colepismatophila watsonae, Lepismatophila thermobiae and an unidentified Gregarinidae species |
References
edit- ^ BioLib.cz: family Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802 (retrieved February 2024)
- ^ Eric Tentarelli (2012). A Guide to Insects. Blackwell. p. 128.
- ^ Molero-Batanás, Rafael; Gaju-Ricart, Miquel; Smith, Graeme B. (2024). "New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges". European Journal of Taxonomy. 943: 80–126. doi:10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587.
- ^ "Lepismatidae". Animal Diversity. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ "Lepismatidae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
- ^ "Lepismatidae". GBIF. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
- ^ "Family Lepismatidae information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
- ^ a b Paclt, Jiří (1967). "Thysanura Fam. Lepidotrichidae, Maindroniidae, Lepismatidae". Genera Insectorum (in French). 218: 1–86.
- ^ Lasker, Reuben; Giese, Arthur C. (1956). "Cellulose digestion by the silverfish Ctenolepisma ciliata". Journal of Experimental Biology. 33 (3): 542–553.
- McGavin, George C. Insects and Spiders 2004
- Fauna Europaea
- Nomina Insecta Nearctica