Lethrinus microdon, the smalltooth emperor, longface emperor or pigface bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species has a widespread distribution in the Indo-Pacific.
| Lethrinus microdon | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Lethrinidae |
| Genus: | Lethrinus |
| Species: | L. microdon
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| Binomial name | |
| Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830[2]
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| Synonyms[3] | |
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Taxonomy
editLethrinus microdon was first formally described as Lethrinella microdon in 1830 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with its type locality given as northeastern Pulau Buru in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia.[4] Some authors place the genus Lethrinus in the monotypic subfamily Lethrininae, with all the other genera of Lethrinidae placed in the Monotaxinae, however, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise the subfamilies traditionally accepted within the family Lethrinidae as valid. The family Lethrinidae is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as belonging to the order Spariformes.[5]
Etymology
editLethrinus microdon has the specific name microdon which means "small toothed", Valenciennes described this species as having "remarkably small and pointed" teeth.[6]
Description
editLethrinus microdon is bluish-grey or brown in colour with pale or somewhat orange fins, and has a moderately long snout.[7][3] It commonly has dark, scattered, irregular blotches on its sides. Some specimens have three streaks of dark colouration radiating away from the eye toward the snout.[7][3] It is a relatively elongate fish and grows to a maximum length of approximately 70 cm, but is commonly recorded at between 30 and 50 cm in length.[7]
Distribution
editLethrinus microdon is a widespread species. It has been recorded in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, from East Africa to Sri Lanka, in the Ryukyu Islands as well as Papua New Guinea.[3][7]
Habitat
editLethrinus microdon is non-migratory and is found over sandy bottoms near reefs. It forms small schools, occasionally with Lethrinus olivaceus, and has a maximum depth range of approximately 10 to 80 metres.[7][3]
Diet
editLethrinus microdon feeds in the day and at night, and is known to feed mainly on other fishes, cephalopods, crustaceans, and polychaetes.[7][3]
Human uses
editLethrinus microdon is fished commercially and is considered to be an excellent food fish. It is usually marketed fresh and not frozen.[7][3] It is known to be caught using gill nets, trawls, handlines, and fish traps.[7]
References
edit- ^ Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A. & Myers, R. (2016). "Lethrinus microdon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16720083A16722375. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16720083A16722375.en. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ Nicolas Bailly (2008). "Lethrinus microdon". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lethrinus microdon". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Lethrinus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Kent E. Carpenter; Gerald R. Allen (1989). Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (Family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. FAO, Rome.
External links
edit- Photos of Lethrinus microdon on Sealife Collection