Lier, Belgium

Lier (Dutch: [liːr] ; French: Lierre [ljɛʁ] ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. It is composed of the city of Lier proper and the village of Koningshooikt. The city centre is surrounded by the river Nete, around which it grew. In 2018, Lier had a total population of 35,712. The total area is 49.70 km² making a population density (PD) of 720 per km². Lier is known for its beers (which include Caves), its patron saint St. Gummarus and Lierse vlaaikes cake. It is also home to the world headquarters of Van Hool, a global bus and coach manufacturer. Lier's two principal football clubs are K. Lyra-Lierse and Lierse Kempenzonen (formerly known as KFC Oosterzonen, which moved to Lier in 2018).

Lier
Municipality
Hoogbrug over the Nete in Lier
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Lier
Lier Location in Belgium Location of Lier in Antwerp Province
Coordinates: 51°8′N 4°34′E
Country	Belgium
Community	Flemish Community
Region	Flemish Region
Province	Antwerp
Arrondissement	Mechelen
Government
• Mayor	Rik Verwaest (N-VA)
• Governing party/ies	N-VA, Open Vld
Area
• Total	49.85 km2 (19.25 sq mi)
Population  (2020-01-01)
• Total	36,646
• Density	740/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Postal codes	2500
NIS code	12021
Area codes	03, 015
Website	www.lier.be

Etymology

The etymology of the name Lier is still under debate. It most likely refers to the river Nete and the muddy soils that surround it. The Latin name of Lier is Lyra, the suffix of which (-ara) is probably derived from the Germanic or Celtic reference to river. Alternatively, the origin might be the Germanic words Ledo or Ledi, which both refer to a location near the confluence of rivers (in this case the Minor and Major Nete). Other explanations include the old Dutch word laar (clearance in the woods) or the word liere (parapet). There is also a resemblance to the Swedish word leira, which means muddy shore, or the Icelandic word leir, which means clay. An all together different explanation is the Germanic word hieura, which refers to a hillock type of country.

History

Lier on the Ferraris map (around 1775)

There is scant record of Lier predating the 7th century. Saint Gummarus himself was born in the 7th century and died on 11 October 714. He was canonised in 754. In 1194 Lier was given oppidum status and in 1212 granted municipal rights. The Lier beguinage was founded in 1258 and in 1998 was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the Flemish Béguinages site. The last surviving beguine died in 1994.

Beguinage, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

In the 14th century, Duke Jan II wished to reward the City of Lier for joining his fight against the City of Mechelen. He offered the city the choice of either hosting a university or a livestock market. The city notoriously selected the livestock market option, upon which the Duke is reported to have sighed: "Oh, those wretched sheep heads". Today, a herd of bronze sheep near the Zimmer tower serves as a reminder to this fateful decision. The university was eventually seeded in the city of Leuven, in 1425, as one of Europe's first and today most prominent universities. The nickname Schapekoppen (which translates to Sheep Heads) is still used in Flanders to refer to inhabitants of Lier.

In 1496, Lier was the scene of the marriage between Philip the Handsome, son of Maximilian of Austria, and Joanna of Castile. This marriage was pivotal to the history of Europe, for Charles V, who was born to this marriage (Ghent, 1500), would go on to rule both the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish Empire.

King Christian II of Denmark, accompanied by his spouse Isabella (sister to Charles V and known as Queen Elisabeth), lived in Lier until 1523, after having been expelled from Denmark by the local nobility while waiting in vain for military support from his brother in law. He attempted again to regain the Danish and Norwegian throne, but was taken prisoner and spent the rest of his life detained in the Danish castles of Sønderborg and Kalundborg. Isabella died in 1526 at the Castle of Zwijnaarde.

"Witches stone" on the marketplace

A conspicuous feature of the market square is a headstone (witches-stone, placed in 1974) that marks the spot where Lier's last witchcraft-related execution is traditionally believed to have taken place.

In 1860, a skeleton of a mammoth was unearthed at the site of the current city hall buildings. It was the first mammoth skeleton to be discovered in western Europe.

At the start of the WWI, King Albert and his Chiefs of Staff were temporarily headquartered in Lier, before retreating to Temse as German lines advanced. Being part of the redoubt of Antwerp, the city suffered heavily under German artillery fire, leaving much of its medieval structures damaged beyond repair. Most medieval-style structures that exist today (including the town hall and its belfry) are therefore replicas, built shortly after the War.

Lier is routinely referred to with the rhyme Lierke Plezierke (which roughly translates as "fun in Lier"). This expression originates from a booklet Felix Timmermans wrote in 1928, in celebration of the 50th wedding anniversary of a neighbouring couple.

The strong ties Lier had developed with the Belgian military ever since in 1888 artillery barracks were built, continued after the World Wars. From 1955 to 1997 the barracks housed the Royal School of Cadets (cadet school for the Belgian army). A prominent alumnus of this school is Belgian astronaut Frank De Winne. The site was vacated by the army in 1998, acquired by the city, and now houses city hall and the police department. Two artillery pieces are on display on the city hall's patio, as a reminder of the building's past. The city of Lier is also patron city to the Belgian Army's Second Artillery Regiment (now termed the Artillery Battalion).

Geography

Some might argue that Lier is a part of the Antwerp suburban area, making it a district on itself, but generally, Lier is divided into five main districts: Leuvensepoort, Mechelpoort, Lisp, the city centre and Koningshooikt. The last is a historic village that was administratively joined to the town as a sub-municipality in 1977.

Name	Surface area (km2)	Inhabitants (01/01/2012)
Lier - Centre - Koningshooikt	49.7	34,244 30,042 4,202
Source: KEMPEN | MECHELEN

Demographics

Historical population of Lier, Belgium

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1806 9,816 —     1816 11,397 +1.50% 1830 13,153 +1.03% 1846 13,849 +0.32% 1856 14,608 +0.53% 1866 15,128 +0.35% 1876 16,103 +0.63% 1880 17,133 +1.56% 1890 20,135 +1.63% 1900 22,656 +1.19% 1910 25,869 +1.34% 1920 25,380 −0.19% 1930 27,350 +0.75% 1947 28,982 +0.34% 1961 28,755 −0.06%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1970 28,416 −0.13% 1976 27,834 −0.34% 1977   § —     1977 31,409 —     1980 31,319 −0.10% 1985 31,115 −0.13% 1990 30,918 −0.13% 1995 31,704 +0.50% 2000 32,191 +0.31% 2005 32,947 +0.47% 2010 33,930 +0.59% 2015 34,652 +0.42% 2017 35,244 +0.85% 2020 36,918 +1.56%
§ 1977: addition of Koningshooikt to Lier   NIS – from 1806 till 1976 census on 31 December;      from 1977 = inhabitants at 1 January Source: Statbel

Local government

Former mayors

	Era	Mayor
	1831 - 1848	Charles Mast-De Vries	independent
	1848 - 1853	Jan Baptist Peeters	Liberal
	1853 - 1872	George Bergmann	Liberal
	1872 - 1911	Florent Van Cauwenbergh	Catholic
	1911 - 1927	Jozef Schellekens	Catholic
	1927	Jules Van Hoof	Catholic
	1928 - 1941	Joseph Van Cauwenbergh	Catholic
	1941	Frans Raats acting mayor	Catholic
	1941 - 1944	Alfred Van der Hallen oorlogsburgemeester	VNV
	1944 - 1954	Joseph Van Cauwenbergh	CVP
	1954 - 1959	Jules Van Hoof	CVP
	1959 - 1976	Frans Breugelmans	CVP
	1977 - 1982	Raymond Callaerts	CVP
	1983 - 1984	Herman Vanderpoorten	PVV
	1984 - 1994	Maurice Vanhoutte	PVV / VLD
	1995 - 2012	Marleen Vanderpoorten	VLD / Open Vld
	2013 - heden	Frank Boogaerts	N-VA

Notable people

• Anton Bergmann, lawyer and writer
• Cornelis de Bie, lawyer and writer
• Jan Ceulemans, football player
• Raymond Ceulemans, billiards player
• Jean-Baptist David, canon and founder of the Davidsfonds
• Patrick Dewael, politician, former Minister-President of Flanders
• Pieter Dox, Missionary killed during the Simba rebellion
• Wim Henderickx (b. Lier, 1962), composer
• Frans Wouters, painter
• Isidoor Opsomer, painter
• Bob Peeters, former football player, now a manager
• Felix Timmermans, writer and painter
• Triggerfinger, rock band
• Lodewijck Van Boeckel, ornamental smith
• Herman Van Breda, founder of the Husserl archive
• Wim Vandekeybus (b. Lier, 1963) choreographer, director, film maker
• Herman Vanderpoorten, politician (1922–1984)
• Yanina Wickmayer, tennis player
• Marc Zabeau (b. Lier, 1949), scientist and businessman

Points of interest

• The Beguinage (UNESCO World Heritage Site) and St Margarita church, 17th century.
• The St. Gummarus Church, Gothic architecture, 14th century; under high altar is grave of Olav Engelbrektsson, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Nidaros.
• The Timmermans - Opsomerhuis museum.
• The Stedelijk Museum Wuyts-Van Campen en Baron Caroly, a fine arts museum.
• The Town hall, rococo architecture, 18th century.
  • The adjoining 14th century belfry, listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Belfries of Belgium and France.
• The Zimmer Tower houses a unique astronomical clock built in the 1930s, by Louis Zimmer.

In popular culture

In 2004, Lier was the host for the third episode of Fata Morgana, the TV show in which Belgian celebrities gave a city or town several challenges. The theme was "Lier 2020" and the inhabitants succeeded in completing all challenges.

Gallery

• 
  A street in the beguinage
• 
  St. Gummarus Church (as seen from the fish market)
• 
  Main square
• 
  Zimmer Tower
• 
  Town Hall and Belfry
• 
  Annual Procession of Saint-Gummarus
• 
• 
  Town houses on Begijnhofstraat, built 1763 – 1778

See also

• Lier mammoth

External links

• Official website (Flemish only)