Lilieae

The Lilieae are a monophyletic tribe of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous mainly bulbous flowering plants in the lily family (Liliaceae).

Lilieae
Gagea lutea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Liliaceae
Subfamily:	Lilioideae
Tribe:	Lilieae Ritgen
Genera
Erythronium Gagea Nomocharis Tulipa Sensu stricto Cardiocrinum Fritillaria Lilium Notholirion

Taxonomy

The term has varied over the years but in modern classification constitutes either a broad circumscription (Lilieae sensu lato, s.l.) with eight genera, placed in the subfamily Lilioideae, or narrower circumscription with four genera (Lilieae sensu stricto, s.s.), excluding Tulipa (which now includes Amana), Erythronium and Gagea (which now includes Lloydia) which are treated as a separate tribe, Tulipeae., and Lilium includes Nomocharis, reducing the number of genera in Lilieae to four, with about 260–300 species.

Distribution of Lilieae genera

Genera	Sensu stricto	Sensu lato
Cardiocrinum	Lilieae	Lilieae
Notholirion	Lilieae	Lilieae
Nomocharis	Lilieae	Lilieae
Fritillaria	Lilieae	Lilieae
Lilium	Lilieae	Lilieae
Gagea	Tulipeae	Lilieae
Lloydia	Tulipeae	Lilieae
Amana	Tulipeae	Lilieae
Tulipa	Tulipeae	Lilieae
Erythronium	Tulipeae	Lilieae

Phylogeny

The evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships between the genera currently included in Liliaceae are shown in this cladogram.

Cladogram: Phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of the Liliaceae

Liliaceae West NA Tricyrtis Streptopoideae Streptopus Prosartes Scoliopus West NA Calochortus Lilioideae* East NA EA Medeoleae East NA Clintonia Medeola Lilieae s.l. EA Tulipeae East Asia Tulipa Amana Erythronium Gagea (Lloydia) Lilieae s.s. Himalayas Notholirion Cardiocrinum Lilium (Nomocharis) Fritillaria

Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. *=Liliaceae sensu Tamura; EA=Eurasia NA=North America

Distribution and habitat

Lilieae s.s. are distributed in temperate Northern Hemisphere areas, with the main centre of diversity in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, where about 100 species may be found. Other areas include East Asia, Central and West Asia, the Mediterranean Basin and North America.

See also

• Taxonomy of Liliaceae
• Tulipeae

Bibliography

Books

• Kamenetsky, Rina; Okubo, Hiroshi, eds. (2012). Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-4924-8.
• Meerow, A.W. (2012-09-17). Taxonomy and Phylogeny: Liliaceae. pp. 17–55. ISBN 9781439849248. In Kamenetsky & Okubo (2012)

Articles

• Gao, Yun-Dong; Zhou, Song-Dong; He, Xing-Jin; Wan, Juan (January 2012). "Chromosome diversity and evolution in tribe Lilieae (Liliaceae) with emphasis on Chinese species". Journal of Plant Research. 125 (1): 55–69. doi:10.1007/s10265-011-0422-1. ISSN 0918-9440. PMID 21559881. S2CID 10185112.
• Huang, Jiao; Yang, Li-Qin; Yu, Yan; Liu, Yan-Mei; Xie, Deng-Feng; Li, Juan; He, Xing-Jin; Zhou, Song-Dong (2 August 2018). "Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of the tribe Lilieae (Liliaceae): bi-directional dispersal between biodiversity hotspots in Eurasia". Annals of Botany. 122 (7): 1245–1262. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy138. PMC 6324749. PMID 30084909.
• Kim, Jung Sung; Hong, Jeong-Ki; Chase, Mark W.; Fay, Michael F.; Kim, Joo-Hwan (May 2013). "Familial relationships of the monocot order Liliales based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis using four plastid loci: matK, rbcL, atpB and atpF-H". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1111/boj.12039.
• Kim, Jung Sung; Kim, Joo-Hwan; Robinson-Rechavi, Marc (14 June 2013). "Comparative Genome Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationship of Order Liliales Insight from the Complete Plastid Genome Sequences of Two Lilies (Lilium longiflorum and Alstroemeria aurea)". PLoS ONE. 8 (6): e68180. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...868180K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068180. PMC 3688979. PMID 23950788.
• Leitch, I. J.; Beaulieu, JM; Cheung, K; Hanson, L; Lysak, MA; Fay, MF (November 2007). "Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 20 (6): 2296–308. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01416.x. PMID 17956392.
• Patterson, T. B.; Givnish, T. J. (2002). "Phylogeny, concerted convergence, and phylogenetic niche conservatism in the core Liliales: insights from rbcL and ndhF sequence data". Evolution. 56 (2): 233–252. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01334.x. PMID 11926492.
• Peruzzi, L.; Leitch, I.J.; Caparelli, K.F. (2009). "Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae". Annals of Botany. 103 (3): 459–475. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn230. PMC 2707325. PMID 19033282.
• Vinnersten, A.; Bremer, K. (September 2001). "Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales". American Journal of Botany. 88 (9): 1695–1703. doi:10.2307/3558415. JSTOR 3558415. PMID 21669704.

Websites

• Stevens, P.F. (2017) [2001]. "Liliaceae". AP Web v. 14. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 10 September 2019. (see also Angiosperm Phylogeny Website)