Lily McNicholas (16 October 1909 – 5 March 1998) was an Irish nurse who volunteered in the Second World War. On 7 August 1944, McNicholas survived the sinking of the Amsterdam; a hospital carrier transporting casualties to Britain from Normandy, France. The incident was widely reported in the press[1][2][3] after the London Gazette announced that McNicholas and two other nurses were to be awarded the M.B.E. for their heroic actions.[4]
Lily McNicholas | |
|---|---|
 Sister Lily McNicholas wearing her uniform | |
| Born | 16 October 1909 Kiltimagh, County Mayo, Ireland |
| Died | 5 May 1998 (aged 88) Oak Lawn, Illinois |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | Army Medical Services of the British Army |
| Service number | 246129 |
| Unit | Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps |
| Awards | Order of the British Empire |
Early years
editMcNicholas was born on Kiltimagh, County Mayo, Ireland to Thomas and Bridget McNicholas. After attending the St. Louis Convent Secondary School in the town, she left Ireland in the 1930s to study nursing in England.[5]
Career
edit
Little is known of McNicholas' early nursing career, but on 5 October 1942 she was granted a commission as a Sister (No. 246129) in the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (QAIMNS) Reserve.[6] McNicholas joined an estimated 70,000 men and women from Ireland, who served in the British forces over the course of the Second World War.[7]
Sinking of the Amsterdam
edit
The Amsterdam was on her third cross-Channel voyage to pick up Allied casualties and German prisoners of war from the Battle of the Falaise Pocket, when disaster occurred.[8] There are differing accounts of what caused the Amsterdam to sink. An official record states that the sinking was the result of "enemy action,"[9] and it was widely reported in the press that the ship was hit by a torpedo. Other accounts, including the testimony of a sailor on board, agree that the ship struck a German mine.[10][11]
The impact of the mine destroyed one half of the vessel, killing all the men in the engine room. As the ship lay broken and sinking in the water, McNicholas disregarded her place in No. 3 Water Ambulance, going back into the ship to bring grievously injured men up from the hospital deck.[9] It reportedly took eight minutes for the ship to sink, with the loss of 106 lives including ten medical staff.[11]
McNicholas was forced to jump from the ship as it capsized. Unable to swim, she 'fell ill' and was assisted in the water by the ship's captain. On the arrival of an American cutter, McNicholas was rescued from the sea and continued to provide medical aid to the injured men as they were pulled from the water.[9]
M.B.E. award
editMcNicholas was recommended for an M.B.E. in recognition of "gallant conduct in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner."[12] According to a magazine article written in 2013, McNicholas declined to attend her investiture at Buckingham Palace, travelling instead to visit the bereaved parents of her best friend.[5] McNicholas had tragically witnessed fellow nurse Molly Evershed go down with the ship after getting stuck in a porthole trying to escape.[8] According to some sources, McNicholas was awarded an O.B.E[13] but correspondence from the War Office; the official recommendation record; medal and medal case, show that McNicholas did in fact receive an M.B.E.[14]
Later life
editMcNicholas went on to postings in London, Egypt and Bombay, demobilising in March 1946 and released from service in June that year. She moved to Chicago in 1947, where she continued nursing in hospitals and for the International Harvester company. McNicholas retired in 1976 and resided in Oak Lawn, Illinois, until she died in 1998.[5]
Legacy
editMcNicholas' M.B.E. medal, War Office correspondence and life jacket from the Amsterdam can be seen at the Kiltimagh Museum in Mayo, Ireland. 'Sister Lily McNicholas' is featured in the Our Irish Women temporary exhibition, on display at the National Museum of Ireland - Country Life, during October and November 2018.[15]
References
edit- ^ Liverpool Daily Post, 30 December 1944
- ^ Western Morning News, 30 December 1944
- ^ The Citizen, 30 December 1944 (www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk) Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ^ "Second Supplement". London Gazette. 26 December 1944. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- ^ a b c Ireland's Own (May 2013).
- ^ "Second Supplement". London Gazette. 4 December 1942. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ^ O'Connor, Steven (2015). "Why did they fight for Britain? Irish recruits to the British forces, 1939-45". Études Irlandaises. 40–1: 60. Retrieved 20 October 2018 – via journals.openedition.org.
- ^ a b McBryde, Brenda (1985). Quiet heroines: Nurses of the Second World War. London: Hogarth Press. pp. 173. ISBN 978-0-7011-2939-2.
- ^ a b c Recommendation for Award for McNicholas, Lily Rank: Sister Service No, 1944 (T.N.A., Wo 373/68/928) (www.discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk) Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ^ Quiet heroines: Nurses of the Second World War (1985), p. 173
- ^ a b Manning, Patrick. "The sinking of the S.S. Amsterdam [Hospital Ship] 1944" (www.bbc.co.uk) Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ^ "Second Supplement". London Gazette. 29 December 1944. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- ^ Richard Doherty, Irish Volunteers in the Second World War (Dublin, 2002), p.185; Ireland's Own (May 2013).
- ^ Correspondence from the War Office, Kensington, London, Ref: A.M.D.4. (H). P/246129 22 November 1946, on display Kiltimagh Museum, Kiltimagh, Ireland; Recommendation for Award for McNicholas, Lily Rank: Sister Service No, 1944 (T.N.A., Wo 373/68/928) (www.discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk) Retrieved 20 October 2018; M.B.E. medal and M.B.E. (Mily) case, on display, Kiltimagh Museum, Kiltimagh, Ireland.
- ^ "Our Irish Women". www.museum.ie. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
Further reading
edit- Doherty, Richard, Irish Volunteers in the Second World War (Dublin, 2002).
- McBryde, Brenda, Quiet Heroines: Nurses of the Second World War (London, 1985).
- O'Connor, Steven, 'Why did they fight for Britain? Irish recruits to the British forces, 1939-45' Études irlandaises, 40-1 (2015), pp. 59–70.