Linda Francis Duncan (born June 25, 1949) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician who served as the member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Edmonton Strathcona from 2008 until 2019. A member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), Duncan was the only non-Conservative MP from Alberta from 2008 to 2015.
Linda Duncan | |
|---|---|
 Duncan in May 2015 | |
| Member of Parliament for Edmonton Strathcona as Edmonton—Strathcona, 2008–2015 | |
| In office October 14, 2008 – October 20, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Rahim Jaffer |
| Succeeded by | Heather McPherson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Linda Francis Duncan June 25, 1949 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
| Political party | New Democratic Party |
| Occupation |
|
Before politics, Duncan founded and ran the Environmental Law Center and practised as an environmental lawyer, working in Edmonton until 1987 when she moved to Ottawa to work for Environment Canada. She then taught environmental law at Dalhousie Law School (now the Schulich School of Law) and advised the Government of Indonesia on environmental assessment and enforcement. She also spent time in Whitehorse working as an assistant deputy in the Yukon government, later consulting with Kluane First Nation and later in Montreal as Head Law and Enforcement for the NAFTA's Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Duncan also served on the Sierra Legal Defence Fund (now Ecojustice Canada) Board of Directors.
Early life and career
editLinda Duncan was born in Edmonton on June 25, 1949. Her father, Darcy Duncan, a second-generation lawyer, supported the family which included a brother, a younger sister and an older sister, along with their mother.[1] She grew up in the south side of Edmonton.[2] She attended the University of Alberta, graduating from its law school. With an interest in environmental law, she did not take the opportunity to join a law firm; instead she founded the Environmental Law Centre in 1982 to assist Albertans concerned with environmental and natural resources law.[2]
In 1987, Thomas McMillan, the federal Minister of Environment, recruited Duncan to establish a new enforcement unit at Environment Canada. After a year in Ottawa, she moved to Whitehorse, where she worked as the assistant deputy Minister for Renewable Resources in the Yukon government. She moved to Montreal after she accepted a position helping lead the enforcement department of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Through projects by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, she helped establish environmental law enforcement systems in Jamaica, Indonesia, and Bangladesh. During this time, in the 1990s, she earned a Master of Laws from Dalhousie Law School and taught several courses. Following the death of her father and two sisters she moved back to Edmonton in 1999.[1][2]
On the local level, in addition to her work at the Environmental Law Centre in Edmonton, she worked on projects with the Edmonton Social Planning Council, Alberta's Clean Air Strategic Alliance, and the Canadian Council on Human Resources for the Environment Industry. She served on the Board of Directors of the Sierra Legal Defence Fund from 2001 to 2007.
Her family has had a cottage at Wabamun Lake since her youth and she has participated on the Lake Wabamun Enhancement and Protection Association. Acting as their vice-president during the August 2005 CN Rail oil spill, she was interviewed in the media on behalf of the land owners and lake users.[1] With the association and the Sierra Legal Defence Fund she helped make a submission to the United Nations Environment Programme noting Canada was not enforcing the legally-binding Heavy Metals Protocol, making specific reference to high levels of mercury being released from coal-fired power plants.[3]
Political career
editFor the 39th Canadian federal election, in January 2006, Duncan ran as the New Democratic Party candidate for the riding of Edmonton—Strathcona. The contest was expected to be close, so in the final days of the campaign the party shifted resources there and the party leader, Jack Layton, visited the riding, the second time he did so during the campaign.[4][5] Nevertheless, incumbent Conservative MP Rahim Jaffer, who had served since 1997, won his fourth mandate to represent the riding, with Duncan coming almost 5,000 votes behind him in second place.
2008 election as MP
editOn January 19, 2007, Duncan accepted the NDP nomination in Edmonton—Strathcona, by acclamation, to seek election to Parliament again in the 40th Canadian federal election.[6] The election campaign began in September 2008. To make environmental protection an election issue, Duncan and Jack Layton flew over the oil sands area noting environmental impact.[7] Duncan made support for public health care, enforcement of environmental laws, and driving the economy with 'green jobs' priorities in her campaign.[8] She drew upon support from a large volunteer network built since the last election and strategic voting from Liberal supporters.[9] With the polls showing a close race, Jaffer launched an attack ad against Duncan.[10]
On election night, October 14, the results showed Jaffer as the leader, by 1,000 votes with over half the polls reporting.[11] Jaffer delivered his victory speech around 10 p.m. and several people had projected Jaffer had been reelected.[12][13][14] However, late polls, which included residences around the University of Alberta, put Duncan ahead.[15] Following a few days of silence and after his fiancée, fellow Conservative Member of Parliament Helena Guergis, flew to Edmonton and quietly married him, Jaffer conceded defeat to Duncan.[16] With a 463-vote margin, Duncan became the only non-Conservative MP in Alberta, and the first NDP member from the province since Ross Harvey was elected at Edmonton East in 1988.
During the subsequent 40th Canadian Parliament, Layton named Duncan to the NDP front bench as critic for the environment. In the Parliament's aborted first session, she strongly opposed the government's proposed fiscal update, especially the proposed changes to pay equity claims, four-year wage cap, and suspension of the right to strike for federal employees.[17] She supported the proposed coalition government, in which arrangement the NDP and Bloc Québécois would have supported the Liberals, whose leader Stéphane Dion would have become Prime Minister. Duncan condemned Prime Minister Stephen Harper for labelling the coalition government as "treasonous" and "criminal".[18][19] When Parliament resumed in January 2009, Duncan sat as a member of the House Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development. She supported Ecojustice and the Sierra Club's lawsuit against the government's waiver of federal environmental assessment reviews on infrastructure projects arguing that it required an act of Parliament, rather than the Conservative government's Order in Council.[20] She vocally supported the opposition's Corporate Accountability of Mining, Oil and Gas Corporations in Developing Countries Act that would hold Canadian companies accountable in Canadian courts for human rights and environmental abuses committed in other countries.[21] Duncan introduced three bills into during the second and third sessions: the first proposing that the third Friday of February be declared National Hockey Day,[22] the second establishing an Environmental Bill of Rights,[23] and the third would have amended the Criminal Code to restrict the use of hand-held telecommunications devices while driving.[24] On a private member's bill to abolish the federal gun registry, Linda Duncan was the only MP from Alberta who voted against abolishing the gun registry.
2011 re-election
editIn the 2011 Canadian federal election, Duncan was re-elected, with over 50% of the vote in Edmonton—Strathcona, to the 41st Canadian Parliament. She introduced one private member's bill, entitled the National Literacy Policy Act (Bill C-327), which received first reading on October 5, 2011, but did not advance from there. The bill would have required the government adopt a policy for promoting literacy in Canada and take measures to enact the policy.
In 2014, Linda Duncan introduced an Act to establish a Canadian Environmental Bill of Rights, Bill C-634, "whose provisions apply to all decisions that emanate from a federal source or are related to federal land or a federal work or undertaking".[25]
Duncan spoke at a Jack Layton memorial on August 24, 2012. The event was billed as "Dear Jack" and she was joined by several other prominent figures.[26] Early in the new parliament, Layton had died of cancer. Duncan had been suggested as a potential candidate in the leadership election, but she ruled herself out of running in September 2011[27] and later endorsed Paul Dewar.[28]
She served as a critic in the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet through the parliament's lifespan. She was responsible for Aboriginal Affairs until 2012, Public Works and Government Services until 2013, and finally Western Economic Diversification.
2015 re-election and final term
editDuncan was re-elected for a third term in the 2015 federal election. In the 42nd Canadian Parliament, party leader Tom Mulcair appointed her as the NDP critic for Transport.[29]
In August 2018, Duncan announced that she would not seek re-election in the 43rd federal election.[30]
Electoral history
edit| 2006 Canadian federal election: Edmonton—Strathcona | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | |||
| Conservative | Rahim Jaffer | 22,009 | 41.71 | +2.31 | $75,063 | |||
| New Democratic | Linda Duncan | 17,153 | 32.51 | +8.71 | $53,478 | |||
| Liberal | Andy Hladyshevsky | 9,391 | 17.80 | −11.21 | $76,923 | |||
| Green | Cameron Wakefield | 3,139 | 5.95 | −0.54 | $755 | |||
| Progressive Canadian | Michael Fedeyko | 582 | 1.10 | – | $0.0 | |||
| Marijuana | Dave Dowling | 390 | 0.74 | −0.33 | $0.0 | |||
| Marxist–Leninist | Kevan Hunter | 106 | 0.20 | −0.01 | $16 | |||
| Total valid votes | 52,770 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Total rejected ballots | 148 | 0.28 | −0.03 | |||||
| Turnout | 52,918 | 70.6 | +3.9 | |||||
| 2008 Canadian federal election: Edmonton—Strathcona | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | |||
| New Democratic | Linda Duncan | 20,103 | 42.58 | +10.07 | $71,669 | |||
| Conservative | Rahim Jaffer | 19,640 | 41.60 | −0.11 | $81,597 | |||
| Liberal | Claudette Roy | 4,279 | 9.06 | −8.74 | $72,953 | |||
| Green | Jane Thrall | 3,040 | 6.44 | +0.49 | $3,801 | |||
| Marxist–Leninist | Kevan Hunter | 147 | 0.31 | +0.11 | ||||
| Total valid votes/expense limit | 47,209 | 99.79 | $82,492 | |||||
| Total rejected ballots | 99 | 0.21 | −0.07 | |||||
| Turnout | 47,308 | 65.4 | −5.2 | |||||
| 2011 Canadian federal election: Edmonton—Strathcona | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | |||
| New Democratic | Linda Duncan | 26,093 | 53.55 | +10.97 | $84,389 | |||
| Conservative | Ryan Hastman | 19,762 | 40.55 | −1.05 | $78,272 | |||
| Liberal | Matthew Sinclair | 1,372 | 2.82 | −6.24 | $15,741 | |||
| Green | Andrew Fehr | 1,119 | 2.30 | −4.14 | $43 | |||
| Independent | Kyle Murphy | 206 | 0.42 | – | $2,005 | |||
| Marxist–Leninist | Kevan Hunter | 91 | 0.19 | −0.12 | ||||
| Independent | Christopher White | 87 | 0.18 | – | $880 | |||
| Total valid votes/expense limit | 48,730 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Total rejected ballots | 124 | 0.25 | +0.04 | |||||
| Turnout | 48,854 | 68.76 | +3.3 | |||||
| 2015 Canadian federal election: Edmonton Strathcona | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | |||
| New Democratic | Linda Duncan | 24,446 | 43.96 | -9.75 | $87,241.42 | |||
| Conservative | Len Thom | 17,395 | 31.28 | -9.04 | $36,812.49 | |||
| Liberal | Eleanor Olszewski | 11,524 | 20.73 | +17.87 | $62,711.39 | |||
| Green | Jacob K. Binnema | 1,278 | 2.30 | -0.04 | $1,924.74 | |||
| Libertarian | Malcolm Stinson | 311 | 0.56 | – | $1,599.80 | |||
| Pirate | Ryan Bromsgrove | 201 | 0.36 | – | $2,183.76 | |||
| Rhinoceros | Donovan Eckstrom | 133 | 0.24 | – | – | |||
| Independent | Chris Jones | 116 | 0.21 | – | – | |||
| Independent | Andrew Schurman | 107 | 0.19 | – | – | |||
| Marxist–Leninist | Dougal MacDonald | 93 | 0.17 | -0.02 | – | |||
| Total valid votes/expense limit | 55,604 | 99.61 | $208,715.39 | |||||
| Total rejected ballots | 217 | 0.39 | – | |||||
| Turnout | 55,821 | 70.99 | ||||||
| Eligible voters | 78,635 | |||||||
| New Democratic hold | Swing | -0.35 | ||||||
Source(s)
| ||||||||
References
edit- ^ a b c Sadava, Mike (December 8, 2005). "Environmentalist dons NDP orange: Linda Duncan aims to unseat three- term Tory in Strathcona". Edmonton Journal. p. A5.
- ^ a b c Pratt, Sheila (October 19, 2008). "Setting her own course: The Honourable member for Edmonton-Strathcona". Edmonton Journal. p. E3.
- ^ Brooymans, Hanneke (July 1, 2004). "Group tackles mercury emissions". Edmonton Journal. p. B4.
- ^ McLean, Archie (January 19, 2006). "Edmonton-Strathcona ripe for NDP's 2nd-ever Alberta win, Layton predicts". Edmonton Journal. p. A5.
- ^ McLean, Archie (January 22, 2006). "Candidates exhausted as campaign winds down: Still trying to win over voters at last minute". Edmonton Journal. p. A4.
- ^ Sadava, Mike; Hanneke Brooymans (January 20, 2007). "Tackling 'prosperity gap' on to-do list". Edmonton Journal. p. A2.
- ^ Brennan, Richard (September 9, 2008). "Campaign gets down and dirty; Layton's plane flies low over Alberta's oil sands to highlight tailing ponds' environmental impact". Toronto Star. p. A17.
- ^ "Health care tops Linda Duncan's priority list". Edmonton Journal. September 10, 2008. p. A3.
- ^ Simons, Paula (October 15, 2008). "Close races in city tell Conservatives we won't be taken for granted". Edmonton Journal. p. A5.
- ^ Audette, Trish (October 10, 2008). "Tory ad takes potshot at NDP; Edmonton-Strathcona incumbent targets 'biggest competition' in marijuana radio spot". Edmonton Journal. p. A1.
- ^ Walton, Dawn; Katherine O'Neill (October 15, 2008). "Blue tide surges over the plains". The Globe and Mail. p. A7.
- ^ Henton, Darcy (October 15, 2008). "Edmonton to remain mainly Tory blue; NDP challenger in close run battle with Tory candidate in Edmonton Strathcona". Edmonton Journal. p. A4.
- ^ Babiak, Todd (October 15, 2008). "City earns little for being Conservative pillar — and that must change". Edmonton Journal. p. A4.
- ^ Pratt, Sheila; Darcy Henton (October 16, 2008). "Premature jubiliation a shocker; Strathcona winner Linda Duncan knew race was closer than incumbent Jaffer believed". Edmonton Journal. p. A4.
- ^ Cosh, Colby (October 17, 2008). "Alberta's voters explained". National Post. p. A18.
- ^ Henton, Darcy (October 17, 2008). "Jaffer turns up married after defeat; Edmonton-Strathcona incumbent concedes victory to NDP's Duncan, is now ready for post-political life". Edmonton Journal. p. A3.
- ^ May, Kathryn (December 2, 2008). "Critics slam plan for new pay equity legislation; Opposition MPs say latest move an attack on women's rights". Ottawa Citizen. p. A3.
- ^ De Souza, Mike (December 3, 2008). "Dion, Layton coy on possible Cabinet ministers; 'No Commitments'". National Post. p. A6.
- ^ McLean, Archie; Mike De Souza (December 4, 2008). "Protesters plan to hit city streets; Conservatives and coalition try to orchestrate public outrage". Edmonton Journal. p. A1.
- ^ O'Neill, Juliet (April 21, 2009). "Environmental groups challenge exemptions; Ecojustice, Sierra Club take Conservatives to court over the waiver for up to 2,000 infrastructure projects". Vancouver Sun. p. B3.
- ^ "Duncan rallies with mining critics". Edmonton Journal. April 19, 2009. p. A7.
- ^ "C-320 — An Act respecting a National Hockey Day". LEGISinfo. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2009.
- ^ "C-469 – An Act to establish a Canadian Environmental Bill of Rights". LEGISinfo. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on February 11, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ "C-461 – An Act to amend the Criminal Code (use of hand-held telecommunications device while operating a motor vehicle)". LEGISinfo. Library of Parliament. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- ^ Canadian Environmental Bill of Rights, Bill C-634, 2014, <https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/C-634/> Retrieved on April 8, 2015.
- ^ "The Edmonton Sun - Linda Duncan speaking at Jack Layton memorial on Friday". The Edmonton Sun. The Edmonton Son. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
- ^ "Duncan says thanks, but no thanks to leadership pitch". iNews880.com. September 16, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
- ^ "Linda Duncan, Albertas Only Opposition MP, Endorses Dewar For Leader Of NDP". Pauldewar.ca. Archived from the original on September 20, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Kirkup, Kristy (November 12, 2015). "Tom Mulcair taps Nathan Cullen, Charlie Angus, Guy Caron for top critic roles". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
- ^ Maimann, Kevin (August 28, 2018). "Edmonton-Strathcona MP Linda Duncan will not seek re-election in 2019". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 28, 2018.